Lesson 5: Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools in Counseling PDF

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: § Identify the settings in which counselors are found § Identify the different counseling services or areas of specialization in counseling § Identify the different types of counseling according to the number of clients and the nature of concerns §...

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: § Identify the settings in which counselors are found § Identify the different counseling services or areas of specialization in counseling § Identify the different types of counseling according to the number of clients and the nature of concerns § Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking counseling § Distinguish the various stages of counseling § Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organization and communities 1. Schools and educational facilities 2. Human resource department 3. Private clinic 4. Rehabilitation and treatment centers 5. Substance abuse treatment center 6. Mental health institutions and hospitals 7. Government 8. Private sector 9. community SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES- school or guidance counselors help students deal with social, behavioral, and personal issues or problems. They can also collaborate or consult parents and teachers in order to help students properly deal with personal issues or concerns. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT- career counselors can help employees make career choices and decision. They can help in work-related issues or concerns, such as job stress, depression and how to achieve a work-life balance. They conduct company activities and seminars that can improve the well-being and work outlook of employee. PRIVATE CLINIC- in this work setting they focus on individual or group appointments. REHABILITATION AND TREATMENT CENTERS- they help clients suffering from physical and emotional disabilities. They help clients have a healthy family, work and social life. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT FACILITIES- they help clients overcome different kinds of conditions such as drugs or illegal substances, alcohol, and gambling, among others. Counselors who work in these facilities can also do consulting work in hospitals and detention facilities. MENTAL HEALTH INSTITUTIONS AND HOSPITALS- They help individuals recover from mental and emotional disorders and issues, such as depression, anxiety, stress, trauma and low self- esteem among others. They often work with other professionals like psychologist, psychiatrists, social workers, and doctors. GOVERNMENT- counselors can be found in the different government agencies that offer counseling services such as social welfare, correctional institutions, state-run rehabilitation centers, military and police. Example: counselors provide direct counseling service to the following: abused women and children- in-conflict with the law (DSWD) inmates in prisons, recovering substance users in rehabilitation centers and military and police personnel. PRIVATE SECTOR- they are found in private clinics and in industries/ companies. They provide independent services through private practice and hold appointment- based counseling sessions, while clients pay for counseling services based on professional fees. COMMUNITY- few counselors are in community practice settings since most of them work in the schools. They deal with a wide range of clients, children's, adolescents, adults, families, and special groups such as women’s, poor, people with disabilities, clients from different ethnolinguistic groups and disaster survivors. § ADDICTON COUNSELING- focuses on clients with addiction problems. Counselors use behavior modification strategies to help clients minimize and eradicate these problems. § CAREER COUNSELING- helping clients make career decisions. They employ assessment tools to help clients arrive at decisions which are best suited to them. § CHILD AND ADOLESCENT COUNSELING- focuses on helping child and adolescents with their developmental needs and concerns. § COMMUNITY COUNSELING- focuses on helping diverse populations with different concerns and needs. § CORRECTIONAL COUNSELING- helps clients in various law enforcement settings, such as juvenile delinquency centers and those who are behind bars serving their sentences. § COUPLES AND FAMILY COUNSELING- focuses on assisting couples and families in difficult circumstances. § CRISIS COUNSELING- focuses on aiding individuals and groups experiencing crisis situations that hinder them to function in their everyday lives. § EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING- focuses on assisting clients on finding a specific job and also includes the clients personal and social concerns. §GERONTOLOGY COUNSELING- focuses on helping the older clients address their various concerns. §GROUP COUNSELING- focuses on helping clients with similar concerns, needs, and problems through group approach. §MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING- focuses on assisting clients with emotional and psychological concerns to promote mental health. §MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING- focuses on clients coming from different ethnolinguistic groups, races, genders, and age. §PASTORAL COUNSELING- focuses on a diverse population with different needs and concerns. §REHABILITATION COUNSELING- focuses on helping clients suffering from physical or emotional disabilities which may affect their family, social and work life. §SCHOOL COUNSELING- focuses on helping clients with personal-social, academic, and career concerns. 1. ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF CLIENTS §Individual counseling, group counseling, multiple counseling, couple counseling, family counseling 2. ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF CONCERNS §Personal/social counseling, academic/educational counseling, career/vocational/occupational counseling STAGE 1: RELATIONSHIP BUILDING STAGE 2: ASSESSMENT STAGE 3: FORMULATION OF GOALS STAGE 4: INTERVENTION AND PROBLEM SOLVING STAGE 5: TERMINATION AND FOLLOW UP STAGE 6: RESEARCH AND EVALUATION STAGE 1: RELATIONSHIP BUILDING §Counselor establish an atmosphere where clients feel safe so they can share their innermost concerns, feelings, and thoughts. §Counselors can do this by manifesting the core conditions as proposed by Rogers. These core conditions are: empathy, unconditional positive regard, congruence. EMPATHY- is the ability to understand the subjective experience of the clients to perceive the world as the client does while retaining one’s own identity. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD- refers to the counselors communicating to clients that they are of value and worth as individuals. CONGRUENCE- means counselors behaving in a manner consistent with how they think and feel. STAGE 2: ASSESSMENT § Counselor gain an in-depth understanding of their clients through assessment. This can be done through the use of standardized and non standardized means. STAGE 3: FORMULATION OF GOALS § Goal-setting is a shared task and responsibility of counselors and clients. Counseling goals can be categorized as process goals and outcome goals. §Outcome goals are the intended results of counseling. Process goals are planned events by the counselors for achieving the outcome goals. STAGE 4: INTERVENTION AND PROBLEM SOLVING § Once goals are have been formulated, counselors and clints work on defining intervention strategies. Intervention refers to the deliberate process or method of solving the clients problems. STAGE 5: TERMINATION AND FOLLOW-UP § For every beginning, there is an end. It is said that the end goal of counseling is to empower clients to reach the point wherein they would have no need of counselor’s assistance as they journey through life. STAGE 6: RESEARCH AND EVALUATION § Research and evaluation are essential aspects of counseling that contribute to the advancement of the profession. Counselors complete the research and evaluation throughout the counseling process to determine whether the interventions applied are appropriate and effective. §INTERVIEW- this is one of the basic tools used in counseling. They interview clients to collect information from their clients and get to know them. §OBSERVATION- it is used to carefully study or observe the client. Observation should have a clear and specific purpose that is aimed in helping the clients get better. §ANECDOTAL RECORD- this is a verbal snapshot of an event or incident that made a big impact to the client. An anecdotal record can be used by counselors to further understand the problems and needs of their clients. §CHECKLIST- counselors can use a checklist to identify the needs, problems, goals and interest of clients. §ANECDOTAL RECORD- this is a verbal snapshot of an event or incident that made a big impact to the client. An anecdotal record can be used by counselors to further understand the problems and needs of their clients. §CHECKLIST- counselors can use a checklist to identify the needs, problems, goals and interest of clients. §DIARY AND JOURNAL- counselors can encourage their clients to keep a daily diary or journal. It can help clients freely express their thoughts, ideas, and experiences. §PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST- counselors can give various psychological test to their clients in order to get information about the psychological characteristics of clients. §QUESTIONAIRE- counselors can provide their clients a list of questions that the latter would answer. By answering the questions, clients provide information about themselves and their conditions. §VIRTUAL COUNSELING- this is a tool used by counselors in providing their services to clients remotely or virtually.