Introduction to Computers PDF

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS Module One  Objectives Overview 1. Explain why computer literacy is vital to the success in today’s world. 2. Define the term, computer, & describe the relationship between data and information....

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS Module One  Objectives Overview 1. Explain why computer literacy is vital to the success in today’s world. 2. Define the term, computer, & describe the relationship between data and information. 3. Describe the five components of a computer. 4. Discuss the advantages & disadvantages that users experience when working computers. 5. Define the term, network, & identify benefits of sharing resources on a network. 6. Discuss the uses of the Internet & World Wide Web. See Page 3 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 2 for Detailed Objectives  Objectives Overview (Cont.) 7. Distinguish between system software and application software 8. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category 9. Describe the role of each element in an information system 10. Explain how home users, small office/home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users each interact with computers 11. Discuss how society uses computers in education, finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 3  A World of Computers Computers are everywhere Pages 4 - 5 Discovering Computers 2012: 4 Figure 1-1 Group Activities Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 5  What Is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Collects Produces data Processing information (input) (output) Information Processing Cycle Page 6 Discovering Computers 2012: 6  What Is a Computer? Page 6 Discovering Computers 2012: 7 Figure 1-2  The Components of a Computer A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware Input Device Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer Output Device Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that System Unit are used to process data Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage Storage Device media Communications Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices Pages 6 - 8 Discovering Computers 2012: 8  THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER Page 7 Discovering Computers 2012: 9 Figure 1-3  Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Advantages of Disadvantages of Using Computers Using Computers Speed Health Risks Reliability Violation of Privacy Consistency Public Safety Storage Impact on Labor Force Communications Impact on Environment Pages 9 - 10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 10  Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer Strategies include: – Recycling – Regulating manufacturing processes – Extending the life of computers – Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers Page 10 Discovering Computers 2012: 11  Networks and the Internet A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media Pages 10 - 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 12 Figure 1-6  Networks and the Internet The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Page 11 Discovering Computers 2012: 13 Figure 1-7  Networks and the Internet People use the Internet for a variety of reasons: Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading Access Information Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application Pages 12 - 13 Discovering Computers 2012: 14 Figure 1-8  Networks and the Internet A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users Page 14 Discovering Computers 2012: 15 Figure 1-9  Computer Software Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them System Software Operating system Utility program Application Software Pages 15 - 16 Discovering Computers 2012: 16 Figures 1-10 - 1-11  Computer Software Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware Pages 16 - 17 Discovering Computers 2012: 17 Figure 1-12  Computer Software A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information Page 18 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 18 Figure 1-13  Categories of Computers Personal computers Mobile computers and mobile devices Game consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded computers Page 19 Discovering Computers 2012: 19  Personal Computers A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple – Desktop computer Pages 19 - 20 Discovering Computers 2012: 20 Figures 1-15 - 1-16  Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Mobile Mobile Computer Device Personal computer you Computing device small can carry from place to enough to hold in your place hand Examples include Examples include smart notebook computers, phones and PDAs, e- laptop computers, book readers, handheld netbooks, ultra-thins, computers, portable and Tablet PCs media players, and digital cameras Pages 20 - 23 Discovering Computers 2012: 21  Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Notebook computer Tablet PC Smart phones and PDAs E-book reader Pages 20 - 22 Discovering Computers 2012: 22 Figures 1-17 – 1-20  Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Handheld computer Portable media player Digital camera Pages 22 - 23 Discovering Computers 2012: 23 Figures 1-21 – 1-23  Game Consoles A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games Page 24 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 24 Figure 1-24  Servers A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network – Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 25 Figure 1-25  Mainframes A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 26 Figure 1-26  Supercomputers A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer – Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: 27 Figure 1-27  Embedded Computers An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices Automobiles Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines Mobile and digital Thermostats Antilock brakes Remote monitoring Keyboards telephones Sprinkling systems Engine control systems Printers Digital televisions Security modules Power monitors Faxes Cameras monitoring systems Airbag controller Machine Copiers Video recorders Appliances Cruise control controllers DVD players and Lights Medical devices recorders Answering machines Page 26 Discovering Computers 2012: 28 Embedded Computers Discovering Computers 2012: 29  Elements of an Information System Hardware Software Data People Procedures Page 27 Discovering Computers 2012: 30  Elements of an Information System Page 27 Discovering Computers 2012: 31 Figure 1-29  Examples of Computer Usage Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User Personal financial Office User Connect to other computers management Look up information on a network or the Internet Web access Send and receive e-mail Transfer information Communications messages Play video games Entertainment Make telephone calls Listen to music Watch movies Pages 28 – 31 Discovering Computers 2012: 32 Figures 1-30 – 1-32  Examples of Computer Usage Power User Enterprise User Work with multimedia Communicate among Use industry-specific employees software Process high volumes of transactions Blog Pages 31 – 32 Discovering Computers 2012: 33 Figures 1-33 – 1-34  Computer Applications in Society Education Finance Government Health Care Pages 34 - 36 Discovering Computers 2012: 34 Figures 1-36 – 1-39  Computer Applications in Society Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing Pages 36 - 38 Discovering Computers 2012: 35 Figures 1-40 – 1-43  Summary 1. Basic computer concepts 2. Components of a computer 3. Networks, the Internet, and Computer Software 4. Many different categories of computers, computer users, a computer applications in society. Page 39 Discovering Computers 2012: 36 QUIZ Activities