Lesson 5: Interactions in Ecosystems 2023 PDF

Interactions in Ecosystems Food Chains, Webs and Energy Pyramids Lesson 5 Biology SNC1W  Types of Organisms There are two main types of organisms that play a key role in ecosystems: 1. Producers - an organism that makes its own...

Interactions in Ecosystems Food Chains, Webs and Energy Pyramids Lesson 5 Biology SNC1W  Types of Organisms There are two main types of organisms that play a key role in ecosystems: 1. Producers - an organism that makes its own energy-rich food using sunlight - Performs photosynthesis (and cell. resp!) Ex. green plants, green algae 2. Consumers - an organism that obtains its energy from eating other organisms - Performs cellular respiration only! Ex. humans, hawks, etc.  Types of Consumers What each species eats has an important impact on an ecosystem Consumers fit into the following types based on what they eat and how they behave – Herbivore – eats only plants or other producers – Carnivore – eats only other consumers – Omnivore – eats both producers and consumers – Scavenger and decomposer – feed on the remains of other, dead or decaying, organisms  Food Chains Food chains show the feeding relationships among species in an ecosystem Food chains illustrate what each species uses for food – Seeds of a pine tree (producer) are eaten by a red squirrel (omnivore because it eats insects, too!) – Red squirrel is eaten by a weasel (carnivore) – Weasel is eaten by a goshawk (carnivore)  Food Chains Carnivores linked in a food chain have a predator-prey relationship (osprey and trout) Ex. The animal being eaten is the prey (the trout), the animal eating is the predator (the osprey)  Energy in the Food Chain Chemical energy stored in pine seeds is passed to the red squirrel (happens when glucose bonds are broken during digestion) Some energy passes to the weasel, and some of that to the goshawk Food chains show how energy passes through an ecosystem  Energy in the Food Chain The arrows show the direction of energy flow (and always point at the organism that is eating) Food Chain Clip… (5 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Z8rKhXUY Ag&authuser=0  Label the diagram Trophic Levels in your notes! The trophic level describes the position of an organism in a food chain The first trophic level contains producers The second contains herbivores or primary consumers The third contains carnivores or secondary consumers The fourth contains carnivores and are called tertiary consumers  Energy Pyramids Organisms use energy to live and release thermal energy (heat). Typically, only about 10 % of the energy taken in by organisms is passed on to the organism that consumes it. Food Pyramid Clip… (6 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkRMc-HcL 5Q&authuser=0  Food Webs Food chains show simple feeding relationships A more complete model can be seen in a food web Food webs show a series of interconnecting food chains A consumer that feeds on many species is less affected if one of those populations decreases or becomes scarce A newly introduced species can disrupt a food chain  Food Web Interactions Example: The rusty crayfish invades this ecosystem and competes with native species for the same food. Food Web Clip… (3 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGODmyX kkPU&authuser=0 Invasive Species: carp in the great lakes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJ6WH28R vQU&authuser=0 Pollination Pollinators are essential for survival Allows plants to sexually reproduce Creates seeds and fruit What is pollen? Pollen is plant sperm! Pollinators bring pollen to females parts of other flowers Creates seeds that grow plants that are like both parents Pollinators Include:  Fruit is a swollen ovary Contains seeds that can grow into more plants Without pollinators we wouldn’t have fruit such as… Guess the Fruit! Rambutan Jackfruit Star Fruit Bananas Pears Mangoes Pineapple  Kumquat Passion Fruit Durian Lychee Dragon Fruit Mangosteen African Cucumber Tamarind Practice makes it permanent! Do the practice work and start memorizing the vocabulary through use and practice! (Goblin Shark below)