Proteins and Enzymes Lesson PDF

PROTEINS  INTRODUCTIO Proteins are large, complex molecules N play many critical roles in the that body. They are made up of smaller units called amino acids, which are linked together in long chains. Proteins are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s cells, tissue...

PROTEINS  INTRODUCTIO Proteins are large, complex molecules N play many critical roles in the that body. They are made up of smaller units called amino acids, which are linked together in long chains. Proteins are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s cells, tissues, and organs. They serve various functions, such as building and repairing tissues, facilitating chemical reactions as enzymes, supporting immune responses, and transporting molecules.  TYPES AND FUCNTIONS OF PROTIENS  ENZYMES Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process. They help convert molecules into different forms, making essential biological processes more efficient.  The type of enzymes are CATABOLIC , ANABOLIC, and CATALYTIC. 1.CATABOLIC ENZYME- enzymes that breaks down their substrate Amylase: Function: Breaks down starch (a polysaccharide) into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. Example reaction: Starch → Glucose. Lipase: Function: Breaks down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol. Example reaction: Triglycerides → Fatty acids + Glycerol.  ENZYMES Protease (e.g., Pepsin): Function: Breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids. Example reaction: Proteins → Amino acids. Lactase: Function: Breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose. Example reaction: Lactose → Glucose + Galactose.  ENZYMES 2. ANABOLIC ENZYMES- enzymes that build more complex molecules from their substrate. DNA Polymerase: Function: Synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a DNA template during replication. Example reaction: Nucleotides → DNA strand.  ENZYMES 3. CATALYTIC ENZYMES- are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process. Protease – breaks down proteins into amino acids. Catalase – breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Lactase – breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.