Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted-GPS PDF

Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted-GPS Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted-GPS ❖ Global Positioning System is a satellite-based navigation system made up of 24 satellites placed into orbits. ❖ The first sate...

Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted-GPS Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted-GPS ❖ Global Positioning System is a satellite-based navigation system made up of 24 satellites placed into orbits. ❖ The first satellite was launched in 1978. ❖ In the year 1980, the government made the system available for civilian use. ❖ GPS works in any weather condition, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. ❖ The 24 satellites are orbiting the earth about 12000 miles above us. ❖ L1 and L2 are 2 frequencies of low radio power signals that the GPS transmit. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology GPS Devices Example Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology How GPS works? ❖ GPS satellites circle around the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmits signal information to earth. ❖ The GPS receiver takes the information and use to calculate the user’s exact location. ❖ The receiver can determine the user’s exact location and display it on the unit’s electronic map. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Types of GPS Type of GPS ❖ Handheld GPS Devices - These are portable GPS devices that can be carried in your hand or attached to your backpack. They are commonly used for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and geocaching. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Type of GPS ❖ In-Car GPS Devices - These are GPS devices that are designed to be used in a car or other vehicle. They provide turn-by-turn directions, real-time traffic updates, and other features to help drivers navigate to their destination. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Type of GPS ❖ GPS Watches - These are GPS- enabled watches that are designed for athletes and fitness enthusiasts. ❖ They can track your distance, pace, and other workout metrics. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Type of GPS ❖ Aviation GPS Devices - These GPS devices are designed specifically for pilots and aviation enthusiasts. They provide real- time flight data, including altitude, speed, and location. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Type of GPS ❖ Marine GPS Devices - These GPS devices are designed for use on boats and ships. They provide navigational data such as depth, water temperature, and other information important for safe navigation. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Type of GPS ❖ GPS Trackers - These are small, portable GPS devices that can be attached to vehicles, pets, or other objects. ❖ They allow you to track the location of the device in real-time. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Type of GPS ❖ Wearable GPS Devices - These are GPS devices that can be worn on your body, such as a wristband or necklace. ❖ They are commonly used for tracking children or elderly family members. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology Causes of Error of GPS: ❖ Signal Reflection: The signal hits and is reflected off objects like tall buildings, rocks, etc. ❖ Satellite Shading: For the signal works properly, have to be placed at wide angle from each other. ❖ Clock error: The built-in clock of the GPS receiver is not as accurate as the atomic clocks of the satellites and the timing of the satellites, and the timing error leads to corresponding error in calculations. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G Mobile Communications 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications WHAT IS WIRELESS? ❖ The wireless is defined in dictionary as “HAVING NO WIRES”. ❖ In networking terminology, wireless is the term defined as to describe any computer network where there is no “physical connection” between sender and receiver. ❖ In wireless, networks are connected by “radio waves”or“micro waves” to maintain communication between sender and receiver. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications 1G TECHNOLOGY ❖ 1G Refers to the first generation of wireless telephone technology. ❖ This technology is introduced in 1980s and completed in 1990s. ❖ The speed of 1G was up to 2.5kbps. ❖ It allows voice call in only one city. ❖ This network uses analog signals. ❖ Advanced mobile phone systems (AMPS) were first introduced Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications In USA. Drawbacks of 1G: ❖ No security ❖ Poor reliability ❖ Poor battery life ❖ Large in size (mobile phone) ❖ Low voice quality Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications 2G TECHNOLOGY ❖ 2G Refers to the SECOND GENERATION. ❖ It is based on GSM (global system for mobile communication). ❖ Its data speed was up to 64kbps. ❖ Digital signals are used in this technology. ❖ 2G was launched in Finland in the year Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications 2G TECHNOLOGY 1991. Features: ❖ Better quality and capacity. ❖ It enables services such as text Messages, picture messages and MMS. ❖ These systems are unable handle complex data such as videos. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications 3G TECHNOLOGY ❖ 3G refers to third generation. ❖ It was introduced in the year 2000s. ❖ Data transmission speed of 3G is 144kbps-2Mbps. ❖ Typically called smart phones and features increased its bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate web-based applications and audio and video files. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications 3G TECHNOLOGY Features of 3G: ❖ Large capacities and broadband capabilities. ❖ High speed web. ❖ More security ❖ Providing faster communication. ❖ High download speed when compared to 2G. ❖ 3D gaming. ❖ Video calling. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications Drawbacks of 3G: ❖ Expensive fee for 3G licenses services. ❖ It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G. ❖ High bandwidth requirement. ❖ Expensive 3G phones. ❖ Large cell phones. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications 4th GENERATION: ❖ 4G technology refers to the fourth generation ❖ It was started in late 2000s. ❖ Capable of providing 100Mbps-1Gbps speed. ❖ One of the basic terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC. ❖ Mobile multimedia ❖ Anytime anywhere Global mobility support. ❖ Integrated wireless solution. ❖ Customized personal services. ❖ Also known as mobile broadband everywhere. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications DRAWBACKS OF 4G: ❖ Battery use is more. ❖ Hard to implement. ❖ Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network. ❖ Need complicated hardware. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications Difference between 3G and 4G: Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications 5th GENERATION: ❖ 5G technology refers to the short name of fifth generation which was started from late 2010s. ❖ It is highly supportable to WWWW (wireless world wide web). ❖ Complete wireless communication with almost no limitations. Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications BENEFITS OF 5G ❖ High capacity, high speed. ❖ Large broad casting of data in Gbps. ❖ Multi-media newspapers, watching T.V with the best quality (HD) ❖ Data transmission is faster when compared to previous generations. ❖ Large phone memory, clarity in audio and video, dialing speed. ❖ 5G is more effective and Introduction attractive. To the Information and Communication Technology 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile communications Comparison between 4G and 5G: Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology  https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/ https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/gps/ Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted-GPS Introduction To the Information and Communication Technology