Lesson 2 Types of Communication PDF

Lesson 2: TYPES OF COMMUNICATION  LEARNING OUTCOMES demonstrate knowledge about the role of language in human communication; identify the types of communication in relation to communication mode, context, and purpose and style; differentiate verbal, non-verbal, and visual communication and...

Lesson 2: TYPES OF COMMUNICATION  LEARNING OUTCOMES demonstrate knowledge about the role of language in human communication; identify the types of communication in relation to communication mode, context, and purpose and style; differentiate verbal, non-verbal, and visual communication and their sub-forms in relation to communication modes;  LEARNING OUTCOMES evaluate the differences among intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended, organizational, and intercultural communication in relation to communication context; explain the differences between formal and informal communication in relation to purpose and style; and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different communication types in various communication settings.  WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Communication as a term takes different contexts resulting in people having different views on communication types. Since communication is generally defined as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between or among two or more people, various contexts come into play. Context is the circumstance or environment in which communication takes place. Such circumstance or may include the physical or actual setting, the value positions of speaker/listener, and the relevance or appropriateness of a message conveyed. It focuses on certain communication processes and even groupings of people that constitute a communication situation.  Different contexts can impact one’s communication. Each communication type is governed by a particular circumstance. Thus, it is essential to pay attention to the interplay of factors surrounding the context of communication which may be physical, cultural, social, and psychological in nature. Communication may then be classified according to: (1) communication mode (2) context (3) purpose and style  TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE A message may be conveyed via these types: verbal, non- verbal and visual. Though communication is often thought of as verbal, the non-verbal mode is equally essential as it enhances one’s message.  VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Effective communication calls for the blending of these two types. One cannot be separated with each other.  VISUAL COMMUNICATION Visual communication is the type of communication that uses visuals to convey information and/or messages. Some examples are signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos, drawings or illustrations, and even various electronic communication symbols. Some examples of electronic communication symbols or images are the emojis, emoticons, and animation among others to convey the writer’s emotions or clarify the intent of the sender’s message. How these symbols are interpreted is very crucial in visual communication. There are some instances when visual communication is classified under non-verbal communication. What makes visual communication even more advantageous is that it makes use of technology that provides apps (applications), videos, and images that rely less on the printed word making presentations more interesting. In using visual communication, users should pay attention to graphic elements such as position, color, size, shape, and orientation as all these play an important role in the preparation of slides.  TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT In the sub-section, context in communication is referred to as a composite of people interacting with each other. Communication may also be classified according to context: (1) intrapersonal; (2) interpersonal; (3) extended; (4) organizational communication; and (5) intercultural commmunication.  INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION The Latin prefix intra - means within or inside. Intrapersonal communication then means talking to oneself. Some label it as self or inner talk, inner monologue, or inner dialogue. Psychologists call it with other names such as self-verbalization or self-statement.  INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION As opposed to intra, the Latin prefix inter- means between, among, and together. An interactive exchange takes place as interpersonal communication takes place. However, as it occurs, a transaction does not necessarily take place since it can only be a simple interaction such as greetings, getting to know a person, or ordinary conversations that happen between or among interactants. A communication situation is interpersonal if it is meant to establish or deepen one’s relationship with others. However, is the objective is to achieve something at the end of the conversation, it becomes transactional.  While the former is characterized by less seriousness and formality, the latter is more formal and profound. Whereas interpersonal talks are meant for maintaining social relationships, transactional talks aim to accomplish or resolve something at the of the conversation.  EXTENDED COMMUNICATION Extended communication involves the use of electronic media. Unlike before when it only called for the use of television and radio, nowadays, the description of extended communication may be expanded as to include tele, audio, or phone conferencing. In an e-conference, participants may not be physically present but are still able to track down lectures and participate actively because of the mass articulation and dissemination of information, alowing speakers to reach a wider group of listeners.  ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION The focus is on the role that communication plays in organization contexts. Organizations compromise individuals who work for the company. for example, when you graduate you become a professional, either working company or putting up your own. Whichever, you should know that each organization has expectations that you as a communication professional should meet or that you as the owner may establish. For an organization to be successful, a system of communication should be put in p lace. A set of rules or standards for communication protocol should be made clear os that interaction patterns are established. There are two types of organizational structure: (1) formal and (2) informal. Formal structure allows communication to take place via designated channels of message flow between positions in the organization. This may make use of four approaches: (1) downward communication, (2) upward communication, (3) horizontal communication, and (4) crosswise communication. Downward Communication - is the type of communication that flows from upper to lower positions,i.e., president to a manager or supervisor, a manager to an ordinary staff. The flow of communication is top-down or from a superior to a subordinate, usually asking certain individuals to a perform a certain task. Conversely, message transmission in upward communication is bottom-up in which subordinates send communication to their superiors/bosses bearing their views/feedback. Horizontal Communication is lateral in approach as it takes place among people belonging to the same level but coming from different departments or units to facilitate performance of tasks through proper coordination. Crosswise Approach is diagonal in nature as employees from different units or departments working at various levels communicate with each other. Each of these communication approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages. Note that these structures are usually presented in the company’s organizational chart and policy manuals. Informal Communication comes from unofficial channels of message flow. This is also called ‘grapevine”, messages coming from the different levels of the organization are transmitted. This occcurs due to the dissatisfaction of some employees accompanied by uncertainty, such as superiors playing favorites and unfavorable or unacceptable company rules and regulations. Each organization has its own culture. This is referred to as ‘organizational culture’. based on its history and development, an organization develops its own core values, vision and mission statements, goals, and objectives. Organizational culture is of utmost significance since it will dictate the kind of behavior that employees should possess as well as the extent of commitment expected from them by organization. “Company culture are like country cultures. Never try to change one. Try instead, to work, with what you’ve got’ - Peter Drucker  INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION It is the communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and profesional backgrounds. Even gender difference affects communication. Individuals having a different orientations communicate and interpret message differently.  For instance, Australians consider eye contact as important in assessing the sincerity of a person while for Indians, looking straight into the eyes of a person while talking is inappropriate. This does not, however, mean that they are dishonest or insincere.  Moreover, Indians interpret waving of hands from side to side as no or go away while it means hello among Westerners. For Filipinos, twitching of lips means to refer something or someone. When someone asks: “Where is my book?” instead of responding: “There it is,” the response may be twitching or puckering lips.  When seen by people from other cultures, such facial expression may be taken to mean as “seduction”. It is important then not to be judgemental or rush into interpretations as cultures sometimes vary enormously.  TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND STYLE Formal Communication employs formal language delivered orally or in written form. Lectures, public talks/speeches, research and project proposals, reports, and business letters, among others are all considered formal situations and writings. Informal Communication certainly does not employ formal language. It involves personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family member, or acquaintances about anything under the sun. The mode may be oral as in face-to-face, ordinary or everyday talks and phone calls, written as in the case of e-mail messages, personal notes, ltters, or texts messages. THANK YOU