Lesson 1.4 - Urinary System PDF

Lesson 1.4 Urinary (Renal) System Lesson Objectives List the organs of the urinary system Describe the function of the urinary system and the importance of a healthy urinary system Evaluate food decisions to maintain a healthy urinary system. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE...

Lesson 1.4 Urinary (Renal) System Lesson Objectives List the organs of the urinary system Describe the function of the urinary system and the importance of a healthy urinary system Evaluate food decisions to maintain a healthy urinary system. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 2 The Urinary System (The Renal System) Consists of: 2 Kidneys (right and left), bean shaped structures. 2 Ureters 1 Bladder 1 Urethra Watch the function of the kidneys! GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 3 The Kidneys and the Circulatory System Artery: blood enters the kidney from here. Vein: blood leaves the kidney from here. Ureter: urine is produced by the kidney and leaves from here to reach the urinary bladder GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 4  How does the urinary system work? 1. As blood enters the kidneys, the kidneys filter the blood and remove excess waste and water from the blood. Urine: is the liquid secreted by the kidneys and released from the body through a process called urination. ◦Urine is a liquid that consists of water, salts, and urea ◦Urea is a harmful waste product of protein breakdown or metabolism GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 5  How does the urinary system work? 2. Urine in the kidneys travel down to the Ureters and to the bladder. 3. The Urinary bladder is a muscular balloon-like structure that stores urine. The bladder empties urine when the brain tells it to do so. 4. Urine then travels to the Urethra and out of the body. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 6 The kidney is a filter Blood moves through the blood vessels with a certain amount of pressure. This pressure in the blood vessels allows for the blood to be filtered in the kidneys. Filtration – removal of waste from the blood About 180 L of blood is filtered every day! GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 7 Importance of the urinary system  The kidneys produce, store, and eliminate urine from the body.  The kidneys help balance fluids in the body.  Adults on average eliminate about 800-2000 milliliters per day based on a typical daily fluid intake of 2000 milliliters.  The kidneys also help regulate the balance of electrolytes (sodium, potassium).  The kidneys control blood pressure and fluid volume in the body. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 8 Amount of Urine can depend on what you eat or medication that you take The amount of urine produced by the kidney can increase or decrease depending on what we eat. ◦Sodium found in salt affects the kidneys by keeping water in body, and less urine is produced. ◦Caffeine in coffee affects the kidneys by removing water from body, and more urine is produced. ◦Certain blood pressure medications also affect the kidneys and the amount of urine produced. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 9  Urine color Urine color is a quick indication of how dehydrated or hydrated you are. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 10 Healthy vs. Unhealthy urine Typical healthy urine Urine is unhealthy if it contains: produced by the body Glucose, consists of: Protein, Red blood cells  95% is water  Urea Why do you think the above should  Chloride not be in urine?  Sodium If found in urine, then the person may  Potassium have a health condition such as  Creatinine diabetes, urinary tract infection (UTI) or kidney damage. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 11 Common disorders that lead to kidney failure 1. High sugar/glucose levels in blood can damage kidneys: ◦Too much sugar in the blood can damage the small filters in kidneys and lead to kidney failure. ◦20 – 40% of diabetic patients develop kidney disease. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 12 Common disorders that lead to kidney failure 2. High blood pressure can result in kidney failure: ◦When the blood pressure is too high, the blood will push against small blood vessel walls within the kidneys and can damage them. ◦The kidneys may lose their function resulting in even higher blood pressure than normal. GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 13  Causes of Kidney Failure in the UAE A recent study in Dubai has highlighted 2 main causes of kidney failure in the UAE. Primary renal Percentage % disease 1. Diabetes Diabatic nephropathy 57.1% 2. High blood pressure. Hypertension 12.4 % unknown 10.9 % Rejected transplant 4.6 % Source: Department of Nephrology, Dubai Obstructive uropathy 4.4 % Hospital, Epidemiology of end-stage renal glomerulonephrities 3.6 % Disease in Dubai Adult polycystic kidney 2.4 % disease Systemic lupus 1.5 % erythematosus GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE 14