Information Management: Databases & DBMS - PDF

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Overview of DATABASES and Database Management System Lesson 1 CCC 151 Learning Objectives ► Information Management ► File Systems ► Disadvantages of File Systems ► What is a Database ► What is Database Management System (DBMS) ► Advantages & Disadvantages of...

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Overview of DATABASES and Database Management System Lesson 1 CCC 151 Learning Objectives ► Information Management ► File Systems ► Disadvantages of File Systems ► What is a Database ► What is Database Management System (DBMS) ► Advantages & Disadvantages of DBMS ► Features of DBMS ► DBMS on the Market What is Information Management? ► Information Management is an emerging field that is concerned with: ► the infrastructure used to collect, manage, preserve, store and deliver information. ► the guiding principles that allow information to be available to the right people at the right time. ► the view that all information, both digital and physical, is an asset that requires proper management ► the organizational and social contexts in which information exists What is Information Management? ► The purpose of information management is to: ❑ design, develop, manage, and use information with insight and innovation ❑ support decision making and create value for individuals, organizations, communities, and societies What is Data Management? ► Data Management focuses specifically on the handling of raw data--the facts, figures, and statistics that form the basis of information. It involves processes like data collection, storage, and maintenance. ► In essence, data management is a subset of information management. While data management ensures the accuracy and accessibility of raw data, information management focuses on making that data useful and actionable for the organization.  Importance of Data ► Data is central to how many of todayʼs applications and websites function. ► Comments on a viral video, changing scores in a multiplayer game, and the items you left in a shopping cart on your favorite online store are all bits of information stored somewhere in a database. Before DATABASE: Use of File Systems ► When computers were first used for business applications, they just performed normal record-keeping functions. ► Organizational data were kept in numerous computer files and these files were managed independently. ► Data was stored in file-based systems. Disadvantages of File Systems ► Program-Data Dependence ► Each file systems have different definitions of data to be processed ► Duplication of Data ► Different file systems have separate copies of the same data, thus wasting space ► Limited Data Sharing ► No centralized control of data ► Lengthy Development Times ► Programmers must design their own file formats ► Compromises Data Integrity ► When data changes in one file, it could cause inconsistencies Disadvantages of File Systems  SOLUTION: The DATABASE Approach ► Central repository of shared data. ► Data is managed by a controlling agent. ► Stored in a standardized, convenient form. What is a Database? ► A database is a collection of logically related data that can be processed by multiple application systems and can be shared by multiple users. Some examples where databases can be used: What is Database Management System (DBMS)? ► A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to user databases. ► The DBMS allows the developer or end-user to create the structure and manipulate the data in a database. Database Management System (DBMS) Order Filling System Invoicing Central database System DBMS Contains employee, order, inventory, Payroll pricing, and customer data System  Advantages of Database Systems ► Reduced data redundancy ► Improved data consistency ► Integrated systems for preserving the security, privacy and integrity of data ► Broader sharing of data ► Ease of application development ► Improved productivity for developers and end users ► Reduced program maintenance ► Ability to use data as an organizational resource Features of DBMS ► Cross-entity linking mechanism ► Allows related entities in a database to be linked together ► No need to keep multiple copies of the same data ► Data dictionary ► Describes the structure of data and how they are to be used ► Contains metadata, or data about data ► Query language ► A language that is used to retrieve selected data from a database ► Used by end-users for ad-hoc queries Features of DBMS ► Mechanisms for data access ► Protects data integrity and privacy by controlling the actions that users can perform on the data ► Host language interface software ► Software that allows database commands to be combined with standard programming language commands to create applications ► Simplifies programming by allowing the database to handle the data-oriented portions of the application Features of DBMS ► 4GL application development software ► A visual interface software to develop applications ► Form and report generators ► Disaster recovery & concurrency control ► Software that provides mechanisms to recover damaged data and control concurrent access, or the simultaneous access by multiple users ► Includes maintenance of a transaction log that contains the list of transactions and changes made to the database DBMS on the Market ► Microsoft Access ► IBM DB2 ► Microsoft SQL Server ► Oracle ► MySQL ► PostgreSQL Research Assignment ► Whatis the most popular DBMS today?