Understanding The Self - GEED 01 PDF

UNDERSTANDING GEED 01 THE SELF WHOgut!  UNDERSTANDING 1. the ability to understand something; comprehension 2. sympathetically aware of other people's feelings; tolerant and forgiving. 3. having insight or good judgment 4. to be sympathetic to someone's woes...

UNDERSTANDING GEED 01 THE SELF WHOgut!  UNDERSTANDING 1. the ability to understand something; comprehension 2. sympathetically aware of other people's feelings; tolerant and forgiving. 3. having insight or good judgment 4. to be sympathetic to someone's woes  SELF 1. An individual's typical character or behavior 2. the union of elements (such as body, emotions, thoughts, and sensations) that constitute the individuality and identity of a person. 3. your sense of who you are, deep down — your identity 4. Your self is your basic personality or nature, especially considered in terms of what you are really like as a person. UNDERSTANDING GEED 01 THE SELF  SELF – SELF-AWARENES SELF-IMPROVEM UNDERSTANDING S ENT  SELF 1. SEPARATE - self is unique or distinct from others. 2. SELF CONTAINED and INDEPENDENT - independent and contained with its own thoughts, characteristics and volition. 3. CONSISTENT - has a personality that is enduring and persistent which allow it to be examined, described and measured. It also means that self traits, characteristics, tendencies, and potentialities are more or less the same. 4. UNITARY- self is the center of all experiences and thoughts where all processes, emotions, and thoughts converge or in command. 5. PRIVATE - each person sorts out information, feelings and Corpuz  SELF FOUR FACTORS AFFECTING ONE’S BEING Macayan et al. (2018) HEREDITY Heredity plays a significant role in the development of the various aspects of the self. In this process, parents ‘characteristics/ traits are transmitted to their offspring. For instance, you have a dark complexion because you inherit the complexion of one or both of your parents. Aside from physical, you may also inherit psychological conditions like being emotionally unstable.  ENVIRONMENT Another factor affecting our development is the environment. For instance, you learned to smoke because you are surrounded by family members who smoke. You are aggressive because you are exposed to a hostile environment.  BIOLOGICAL Biological factors like the functioning of the brain, hormones, and neurotransmitter substances also affect the development of the self. For instance, you are depressed because of the imbalance of neurotransmitter substances such as serotonin and dopamine. PERSONAL CHOICE Personal choice with emphasis on the role of free will or free choice. UNDERSTANDING GEED 01 THE SELF PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE PHILOSOPHY PHILO - LOVE SOPHIA - WISDOM LOVE OF WISDOM  PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE PHILOSOPHY FINDING ANSWERS TO SERIOUS ABOUT OURSELVES AND ABOUT THE WORLD WE LIVE IN: What is morally right and wrong? What is a good life? Does God Exist? QUESTIONING EXISTING KNOWLEDGE AND INTUITIONS TO GET CLOSER TO THE TRUTH  PHILOSOPHY WHAT WILL YOU GET OUT OF IT? THE SKILLS ARE: Critical thinker Reasoning Problem-solving Analysis Communication Argument skills  PHILOSOPHY WHAT WILL YOU GET OUT OF IT? WHICH ALLOWS YOU TO: Justify your opinions Spot a bad arguments Explain to people why they are wrong or right Teaches you think PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “KNOW THYSELF” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Socrates - The first one who became more concerned about the problem of the self. - His lifelong mission is to know oneself. - He emphasized that the true task of a philosopher is to know oneself. - He stated that the true task of the unexamined life is not worth living. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Socrates - He thought that the worst that can happen to anyone is to live but die inside. - Socrates believed that every man is composed of body and soul; DUALISTIC - He explained that all individuals have an imperfect, impermanent aspect which is the body and while maintaining that there is also a soul that is perfect and permanent. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Socrates Two dichotomous realms 1. PHYSICAL REALM – Changeable, transient, and imperfect. BODY 2. IDEAL REALM – Unchanging, eternal, and immortal, SOUL PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Socrates SOUL -strives for wisdom and perfection, and reason is the soul’s tool to achieve an exalted state of life PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Socrates BODY -Our preoccupation with bodily needs such as food, drink, sex, pleasure, material possessions, and wealth keep us from attaining wisdom PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “SOUL IS IMMORTAL ” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Plato -Plato is Socrates’ student who supported his teacher’s idea. - He believed in the existence of the mind and soul. - Mind and soul are given in perfection with God PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Plato THREE PARTS OF THE SOUL a. The rational soul is the combination of reason and intellect that governs the affairs of the human person. THINKING SOUL b. The spirited part is in charge of emotions. c. The appetitive soul is in charge of one’s desire. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Plato - Plato stressed that “justice in the human person can only be attained if the three (3) parts of the soul are working harmoniously with one another”. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “THE SOUL IS THE ESSENCE OF THE SELF” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Aristotle - Student of Plato - The body and soul are not two separate elements but are one thing. - The soul is simply the form of the body, and is not capable of existing without the body. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Aristotle - The soul is that which makes a person a person. The soul is the essence of the self. - Aristotle suggests that the rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing and fulfilling life. - Without the body the soul cannot exist the soul dies along with the body PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Aristotle - He suggested that anything with life has a soul - He introduced the three kinds of soul. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Aristotle THREE KINDS OF SOUL 1. Vegetative – Physical body 2. Sentient – Desires, feelings, and emotions 3. Rational – Intellect PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF VEGETATIVE RATIONAL THOUGHT AND SOUL REPRODUCTION AND GROUWTH REFLECTION SENTIENT/SENSITIVE MOBILITY AND SENSATION PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Augustine - Augustine’s view of the human person reflects the entire spirit of the medieval world when it comes to man. - Following the ancient view of Plato and infusing it with a newfound doctrine of Christianity. - He speculated that man is of bifurcated nature. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Augustine - He believed that the body is bound to die on earth and the soul is to anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God. - He asserted that the goal of every human person is to attain this communion and bliss with the Divine by living his life on earth in virtue. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Thomas Aquinas - Adapting some ideas from Aristotle, Aquinas said that indeed man is composed of two parts: matter and form. - Matter refers to the “common stuff that makes up everything in the universe”. - Form refers to the “essence of substance or thing”. - He believed that what makes us human is our soul, our essence. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “I THINK THEREFORE I AM” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Rene Descartes - Father of Modern Philosophy. - He claims that there is so much that we should doubt. - The only thing one cannot doubt is the existence of the self. - His famous Cogito ergo sum “I think therefore I am”. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Rene Descartes - Descartes believed we are composed of the cogito (the mind) and the extenza (extension of the mind which is the body). - The body is nothing else but a machine that is attached to the mind. - He says “but what then, am I? A thinking thing. It has been said. But what is a thinking thing? It is a thing that doubts, understands (conceives), affirms, denies, wills, refuses; imagines also and perceives. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Rene Descartes - For Descartes, the self is nothing but a mind-body dichotomy. Thought (mind) always precedes action (body). - It is the thought that sets direction to human actions but humans are always free to choose. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “ALL KNOWLEDGE IS DERIVED FROM HUMAN SENSES” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF David Hume - Scottish Philosopher - An empiricist who believes that one can know only what comes from the senses and experiences. - Empiricism is the school of thought that espouses the idea that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced. - Bundle theory - collection of impressions - He believed that the self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions which is categorized into two: impressions and ideas. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF David Hume - He believed that the self is a bundle or collections of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in perpetual flux and movement. - He believed that there is no self as a mental entity for “what we call a mind is nothing but a heap or collection of different perceptions…” -He reduced personality and cognition to a machine that may be activated or deactivated. Death, according to him obliterates the perception one has.. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Immanuel Kant -Kant thinks that the things that men perceive around them are not just randomly infused into the human person without an organizing principle that regulates the relationship of these impressions. -There is necessarily a mind that organizes the impression that men get from the external world. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Immanuel Kant -He suggests that the self is an actively engaged intelligence in man that synthesizes all knowledge and experience. -The self is not just what gives one his personality. It is also the seat of knowledge acquisition for human persons..  PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “THE SELF IS THE WAY PEOPLE BEHAVE” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Gilbert Ryle - Gilbert Ryle solves the mind-body dichotomy. - In searching for the self, one cannot simultaneously be the hunter and the hunted. - For him, what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life. - Ryle suggests that the “self” is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Gilbert Ryle - His theory is called logical behaviorism or analytical behaviorism- a theory of mind that states that mental concepts can be understood through observable events. - He believed that the self is a combination of the mind and the body. For him, self is taken as a whole. - He also posited the maxim, “I act, therefore I am.”. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “THE SELF IS EMBODIED SUBJECTIVITY” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Maurice Merleau-Ponty - A phenomenologist who asserts that the mind- body bifurcation is a futile endeavor and an invalid problem. - He believed in “I am my body”. - He says that the mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Maurice Merleau-Ponty - He believed that the living body, his thoughts, emotions and experiences are all one. - He believed that the body has its own intelligence and it perceived it based on its senses. - We know not through our intellect but through our experience.. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “THE SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF John Locke - His main philosophy on personal identity is founded on consciousness or memory. - For him, consciousness is the perception of what passes a man’s own mind. He rejected that brain has something to do with consciousness as the brain and the body may change, while consciousness remains the same. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF John Locke - He concluded that personal identity is not in the brain but in one’s consciousness. - He believed that consciousness may transfer from one substance to another (body and soul). - He believed in tabula rasa which discuss that everyone started with a blank slate and the content is provided by one’s experiences over time. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Sigmund Freud - Father of psychoanalytic - Man is governed by 2 drives: Eros (Sex or pleasure) and Thanatos. (pain or aggression) PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Sigmund Freud - He believed that the self is multi-layered. - The human mind is composed of three structures- id, ego, and superego. - Id- exists since birth, pertaining to instincts. - Ego operates according to the reality principle. - Superego operates according to the morality principle. It has two systems: conscience; and ideal self. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF “THE SELF IS THE BRAIN” PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Paul and Patricia Churchland - Both neuroscientists introduced eliminative materialism- “a radical claim that ordinary, common sense understanding of the mind is deeply wrong and that some or all of the mental states posited by common sense do not actually exist”. - For them, the self is nothing else but the brain, or simply the self is contained entirely within the physical brain. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF MY SELF THROUGH THE YEARS Paste a picture of you when you were in elementary, high school, and college. Below the picture list down the characteristic that you remember. ELEMENTARY HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF MY SELF THROUGH THE YEARS Analysis SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES POSSIBLE REASONS FOR SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCE EDUARDO P. OCASION JR INSTRUCTOR 1