Lesson 1 Measurement (STEM_GP12EU-Ia-1) PDF

HOUSE RULES a. submission of project on or before the due date b. availability of materials beforehand c. avoid too much talking d. avoid use of cellphones unless needed e. keep your working area clean and tidy 1 REQUIREMENTS: NOTEBOOK CALCULATO...

HOUSE RULES a. submission of project on or before the due date b. availability of materials beforehand c. avoid too much talking d. avoid use of cellphones unless needed e. keep your working area clean and tidy 1 REQUIREMENTS: NOTEBOOK CALCULATOR COLORING MATERIALS ILLUSTRATION BOARD RULER  1 Quarter st Lesson 1 MEASUREMENT MELC Solve measurement problems involving conversion of units and express measurements in scientific notation (STEM_GP12EU-Ia-1) LESSON OBJECTIVES 1. describe measurement, physical quantities, and units of measurements. 2. enumerate the standard systems of measurements: English, Metric, and the International System. 3. identify the system of measurement in which a unit belongs to; 4. write measurements in scientific notation; 5. multiply and divide numbers written in scientific notation; and 6. solve measurement problems involving conversion of units. INTRODUCTION Most of the time, when people are asked how far a city from a province they answer it with time: “Gaano po kalayo ang Baguio sa Marikina?” “Ay malayo, mga INTRODUCTION We tend to answer the question by giving the time it will take to travel from one place to another. In Physics, the answer is wrong. The question asks for the distance from one place to another, but the answer given is time. This is the moment where your knowledge about measurement will enter. “Me lagnat ka, mainit noo mo!” “Sinat lang po yan.” Instead of using a thermometer, the back of the palm of the hand is used to measure the hotness or coldness of the body. Measurements are a basic necessity in science. Scientists have designed thousands of different tools to help in the vital process of measuring. DISCUSSIO N Measuring Tools DISCUSSION MEASUREMENT Measurement is the process of associating numbers with physical quantities and phenomena. Accurate measurement is a vital tool for doing science, a consistent set of units for measurement is necessary. DISCUSSION MEASUREMENT Physicists throughout the world use the International System of Units (also called the SI system). The SI system is basically the metric system, which is convenient Act. 1.1 Measure It! PRACTICE CONVERSIO N PRACTICE 1.Mr. Suarez would like to buy a lot with an area of 250,000 cm. What is the 2 lot area in square meter? 2. Convert 6 721 millimeters to meters. 3. If the density of a substance is 8 g/mL, what volume would 40 g of the substance occupy? 4. Convert 300 C to F 0 0 5. What is the perimeter of a rectangular room that has a length of 5.1 m and a width that is 2 m less than the length? DISCUSSION S C I E N T I F I C N O TAT I O N Scientific notation is a way of writing very large or very small numbers that uses exponents. Numbers are written in this format: a×10b The letter a stands for a decimal number (greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10), and the letter b stands for an exponent, or power, of 10. For example, the number 300 is written in scientific notation as 3.0 × 102. The number 0.03 PRACTICE 1. Express 1,200,000,000 in scientific notation. 1200000000. 1.2 x 109 Scientific Notation To write numbers to standard scientific notation, do the following steps: 1. Locate the decimal point. Move the decimal point to the left or right with a goal to have eventually a single nonzero digit to the left of the decimal point. Remove all zeroes except those that are in between nonzero digits. 2. Write the ‘x 10’ after the Coefficient (A). 3. Count the number of times you moved the decimal point. This will be the exponent (n). If you moved the  ADDING / SUBTRACTING SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS Evaluate: 9.2 x 107 + 6.32 x 105 = STEP 1: Adjust the powers of 10 in the given so that they have the same index. 9.2 x 107 + 0.0632 x 107 STEP 2: Perform the operation 9.2 x 107 + 0.0632 x 107 = 9.26 x 107  ADDING / SUBTRACTING SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS Evaluate: 2.5 x 1011 + 3.3 x 1010 = STEP 1: Adjust the powers of 10 in the given so that they have the same index. 2.5 x 1011 + 0.33 x 1011 STEP 2: Perform the operation 2.5 x 1011 + 0.33 x 1011 = 2.83 x 1011  ADDING / SUBTRACTING SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS Evaluate: 4.5 x 107 - 2.8 x 108 = STEP 1: Adjust the powers of 10 in the given so that they have the same index. 0.45 x 108 - 2.8 x 108 = STEP 2: Perform the operation 0.45 x 108 - 2.8 x 108 = -2.35 x 108 PRACTICE 2. The distance of exosphere from the Earth’s surface is estimated to be at 9.7 x 104 km. The distance of the core from the crust is 6.4 x 103 km. What is the distance between the core and the exosphere of the Earth? 9.7 x 104 km + 6.4 x 103 km = ? PRACTICE 3. The distance of exosphere from the Earth’s surface is estimated to be at 9.7 x 104 km. The distance of the core from the crust is 6.4 x 103 km. What is the distance between the core and the exosphere of the Earth? 9.7 x 104 km + 6.4 x 103 km = ? 9.7 x 104 km + 0.64 x 104 km = 10.34 x 104 km = 1.034 x 105 km  ADDING / SUBTRACTING SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS Evaluate: 9.7 x 105 + 4.9 x 104 – 9.8 x 104 = 9.7 x 105 + 0.49 x 105 – 0.98 x 105 = 9.21 x 105  MULTIPLYING SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS Evaluate: (4.5 x 107)(2.8 x 108)= STEP 1: Multiply the values of a (4.5)(2.8) = 12.6 STEP 2: Add the exponents of the given data 7 + 8 = 15 STEP 3: Rewrite your answer to proper scientific notation 1.26 x 1016 not 12.6 x 1015  DIVIDING SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS Evaluate: (4.5 x 107)/(2.8 x 108)= STEP 1: Divide the values of a (4.5)/(2.8) = 1.61 STEP 2: Subtract the exponents of the given data 7 - 8 = -1 STEP 3: Rewrite your answer to proper scientific notation 1.61 x 10-1 ACTIVITY Activity 1.3 Rewrite Me! ACCU RACY vs P RE CISIO N DISCUSSION ACCURACY and PRECISION Accuracy describes the nearness of a measurement to the standard or true value, i.e., a highly accurate measuring device will provide measurements very close to the standard, true or known values. Precision is the degree to which several measurements provide answers very close to each other. It is an indicator of the scatter in The factors contributing to uncertainty in a measurement include the following: Limitations of the measuring device The skill of the person making the measurement Irregularities in the object being measured Any other factors that affect the outcome (highly dependent on the situation) LET’S PLAY A GAME! PIN THE DONKEY’S TAIL PRACTICE Determine whether the dart on the figure has accuracy and precision. LOW Accuracy LOW Precision PRACTICE Determine whether the dart on the figure has accuracy and precision. HIGH Accuracy ACCURACY and PRECISION Which group of measurements is most precise? a. 0.005 g, 0.0049 g, 0.0051 g b. 1.23 cm3, 2.21 cm3, 9.92 cm3 c. 23.4 mm, 12.4 mm, 50.2 mm d. 2.3 x 10-2 kg, 2.31 x 102 kg, 2.29 x 1012 kg ACCURACY and PRECISION Which group of measurements is most precise? a. 0.005 g, 0.0049 g, 0.0051 g b. 1.23 cm3, 2.21 cm3, 9.92 cm3 c. 23.4 mm, 12.4 mm, 50.2 mm d. 2.3 x 10-2 kg, 2.31 x 102 kg, 2.29 x 1012 kg ACCURACY and PRECISION The volume of a liquid is 20.5 ml. Which of the following sets of measurement the value with good accuracy? a.18.6 ml, 17.6 ml, 19.6 ml, 17.2 ml b.18.8 ml, 19.0 ml, 19.2 ml, 18.8 ml. c.19.3 ml, 19.2 ml, 18.6 ml, 18.7 ml d.20.2 ml, 20.5 ml, 20.3 ml 20.1 ml ACCURACY and PRECISION The volume of a liquid is 20.5 ml. Which of the following sets of measurement the value with good accuracy? a.18.6 ml, 17.6 ml, 19.6 ml, 17.2 ml b.18.8 ml, 19.0 ml, 19.2 ml, 18.8 ml. c.19.3 ml, 19.2 ml, 18.6 ml, 18.7 ml d.20.2 ml, 20.5 ml, 20.3 ml 20.1 ml SUMMARY SUMMARY  Measurements (quantitative observations) are often more useful than qualitative observations.  Scientific notation is a way of writing very large or very small numbers that uses exponents. Numbers are written in the format a × 10b.  Accuracy describes the nearness of a measurement to the standard or true value.  Precision is the degree to which several measurements provide answers very close to