Lesson 1 Ideologies of Independence.docx
Transcript
Ideologies of Independence Objectives: Students will understand the ideology of imperialist European powers. Students will apply their understanding of different ideologies to a historical context. Students will analyze power dynamics as they relate to ideology. Starter: Watch this Crash Co...
Ideologies of Independence Objectives: Students will understand the ideology of imperialist European powers. Students will apply their understanding of different ideologies to a historical context. Students will analyze power dynamics as they relate to ideology. Starter: Watch this Crash Course about Latin American Revolutions Task 1: Describe the terms and ideologies that were linked to 18th and 19th century colonialism. You can use the video we just watched, your own knowledge or the internet (cite your sources) to complete the table below. Term Description Patriarchy Catholicism Imperialism Monarchy Caste System Peninsulares Criollo Mestizos Mulattos Llaneros Revolution Enlightenment Ideals Task 2: Use this website to complete the timeline below: Date Event 1804 Revolt in Latin America 1810 Mexico’s Independence day 1815 Battle of Maipu 1821 Mexico becomes a republic August 6, 1824 Battle at Ayacucho 1825 Texas declares independence from Mexico 1845 Task 3: Read the following background information and briefly summarize it in the boxes below. Background information leading up to independence: The extensive Spanish colonies in North, Central and South America (which included half of South America, present-day Mexico, Florida, islands in the Caribbean and the southwestern United States) declared independence from Spanish rule in the early nineteenth century and by the turn of the twentieth century, the hundreds of years of the Spanish colonial era had come to a close. How did this happen? The Enlightenment ideals of democracy—equality under the law, separation of church and state, individual liberty — encouraged colonial independence movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The Enlightenment began in eighteenth-century Europe as a philosophical movement that took science, reason, and inquiry as its guiding principles in order to challenge traditions and reform society. The results of these changes in thought are reflected in both the American and French revolutions—where a monarchical form of government (where the King ruled by divine right) was replaced with a Republic empowered by the people. El Libertador Simón BolÃvar was born in 1783 in Caracas, Venezuela to an aristocratic family. He was tutored by Simón RodrÃguez, who introduced BolÃvar to the work of Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau—specifically his ideas on the origins of inequality. BolÃvar’s privileged background also permitted him to travel abroad, and in 1804 he met the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and the Prussian naturalist, and explorer, Alexander von Humboldt who had travelled extensively in Latin America and ignited BolÃvar’s patriotism. Credit: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-americas/latin-america-after-independence/south-america-after-independence/a/independence-from-spanish-rule-south-america Summary: Political models and the search for authority after independence One of the most pressing and also most enduring problems that leaders of Latin American nations faced in the decades after independence was establishing the legitimacy of their new governments. In this regard the break with the colonial system proved traumatic. In Iberian political traditions, power and authority resided to a great extent in the figure of the monarch. Only the monarch had the ability to dominate the church, the military, and other powerful corporate groups in Iberian and colonial Latin American societies. Representative government and the concept of popular sovereignty, as a corollary, had a weak presence in Iberian political culture. With the Spanish king removed—and with him the ultimate source of political legitimacy—Creole elites had to find new foundations on which to construct systems of governance that their compatriots would accept and respect. Although in practice they were unable to abandon the legacies of three centuries of Iberian colonial rule, leaders in Latin America turned generally to other political traditions for solutions to the problem of legitimacy. Adapting models from northern Europe and the United States, they set up republics across the region. Doing so not only helped justify their separation from Spain but also enabled Latin American elites to try to follow the example of countries they most admired, particularly Great Britain, the United States, and France. Many in the upper classes of Latin American societies identified political institutions as sources of the economic progress those countries were enjoying. At the same time, efforts to implement those political systems in Latin America brought to the region’s new countries Enlightenment conceptions of politics based on rationality and a vision of politics as an interaction of individuals who enjoyed specific, definable rights and duties. Source: https://www.britannica.com/place/Latin-America/Building-new-nations-1826-50 Summary: Task 4: Answer the following factual, conceptual and debatable questions: (Extension: write your own factual, conceptual and debatable questions) Type of Question Question Answer Factual Which leaders in the early 19th century were instrumental in wielding their power to bring about change to their country? What problems did the people of Latin America face as they gained their independence from Spain, France and Portugal? Conceptual How do leaders gain power? What influences leaders to give them the idea that they can win independence for their citizens? Debatable Are reforms and revolutions necessary in order to bring about changes in a country's political development? Are violent conflicts the only option to leaders who want to bring about political reform? Task 5: Write a mini (3 or 4 paragraph) essay in response to the following prompt. Note that your 2nd (and possibly 3rd) paragraph should be a PEAS paragraph. Prompt: To what extent were the Latin American revolutions revolutionary? Consider power dynamics before and after the revolutionary period.
