AZ English Language - Lesson 1 PDF

AZ Đây sẽ là trang bìa của sách, thiết kế với logo của AZ, Tên sách: Excellent method, excellent results Level: Foundation Logo trung tâm: 1  CONTENTS Scope and sequence Overview Unit 1: Using Be in a sentence Un...

AZ Đây sẽ là trang bìa của sách, thiết kế với logo của AZ, Tên sách: Excellent method, excellent results Level: Foundation Logo trung tâm: 1  CONTENTS Scope and sequence Overview Unit 1: Using Be in a sentence Unit 2: Using have in sentences Unit 3: Writing with the Simple Present Unit 4: Writing with the Present Progressive Unit 5: Writing with the Simple Past Unit 6: Writing with the Past Progressive Unit 7: Writing about the Future Unit 8: Writing with Subject-Verb Agreement Unit 9: Writing with prepositions and prepositional phrases Unit 10: Writing with modals Unit 11: Using simple sentences Unit 12:Using compound sentences Unit 13:Writing with Adjectives Unit 14: Writing with articles Unit 15:Writing with adverbs 2  OVERVIEW Thoát Khỏi Cách Học Ngữ Pháp Truyền Thống a. Nhiều học viên vẫn đang học ngữ pháp như một loạt quy tắc riêng lẻ, học từng cấu trúc một cách máy móc mà không gắn với bài viết thực tế. Cách học này khiến học viên khó sử dụng ngữ pháp khi viết, vì thiếu sự liên kết giữa các thành phần trong câu cũng như sự mạch lạc giữa các câu. Ngữ Pháp Như Công Cụ Để Tạo Nên Bài Viết Chặt Chẽ  Tài liệu này hướng tới việc giúp học viên học ngữ pháp để thực sự áp dụng vào việc viết, tập trung vào các cấu trúc câu cơ bản và cách liên kết ý tưởng để tạo thành bài viết mạch lạc, rõ ràng. Khi học ngữ pháp trong ngữ cảnh viết bài, học viên sẽ dễ dàng hiểu cách sắp xếp câu, nối các ý với nhau và phát triển bài viết chặt chẽ, thay vì chỉ ghi nhớ ngữ pháp một cách rời rạc. Học viên sẽ không chỉ nắm vững ngữ pháp mà còn biết cách sử dụng chúng để tạo ra các đoạn văn rõ ràng và có tính liên kết, sẵn sàng cho các bài viết nâng cao hơn sau này. Với phương pháp giảng dạy tốt nhất và tài liệu được biên soạn kỹ lưỡng, tài liệu này của A- Z mang đến cho bạn cơ hội nâng cao kỹ năng của mình. Hãy nắm bắt cơ hội này để phát triển khả năng viết và mở khóa tiềm năng của bạn! 3  UNIT 1- USING BE IN A SENTENCE I. MỤC TIÊU BÀI HỌC 1. Nắm vững các dạng ngữ pháp (grammar forms). 2. Hiểu và nhận diện những lỗi sai thường gặp (common errors). 3. Áp dụng kiến thức vào việc viết (writing) và xây dựng câu (building sentences). II. LET’S WARM UP This paragraph contains two errors with the verb be. Find the errors and correct them. The Republic of Maldives The Republic of Maldives is an island nation in the Indian Ocean. The country is actually a group of over a thousand small islands. Most of these islands are only about 5 feet (1.5 meters) above sea level. In fact, the Republic of Maldives the lowest country in the world. 5 Tourism and fishing is the main sources of income for the country. Over a million tourists visit the Maldives each year. They come to enjoy the warm weather and the beautiful white beaches. The islands are also famous for their coral reefs. The reefs are home to sea turtles, whales, dolphins, and over 1,100 species of fish. III. GRAMMAR FORMS & COMMON USE 1. Grammar forms 2. I Am/was I speak English and Chinese, and I am bilingual 3. He/she/It Is/was She is just so beautiful 4. You/we/they Are/were I do not know what they are talking about 5. Gerund -Ving + Is Studying English is important in this Noun modern world. 6. There + Is/was + There is one factor that has affected society. singular There are many differences between subject. whales and dolphins. + Are/were + plural subject 7. It is Adjective + It is important to memorize all the new infinitive words that you have learned this morning. 4  Note: Học sinh hay làm sai mục số 3_Gerund và mục số 6_ It is. Vậy hãy lấy thêm vài ví dụ để hiểu rõ hơn nào! 2. Common use 1. To define the subject or give The black mamba is the world’s longest information about it snake 2. To describe the subject with Lions, tigers, and other big cats are adjectives dangerous 3. To describe the location of The new marine park is in African the subject (with a nation of Gabon. preposition) 4. To present an opinion (it is It is important to practice English every +to-V…) single day. 5. Write about types or There are two types of camels here. something that exists There are thousands of libraries throughout the country. 3. Common errors Examples: Both English and French is official languages in Canada. (x) There is three types of volcanoes.(x) One of the best areas to see wildlife are East Africa. (x) Offering more scholarships were a top priority last year.(x) Use the correct singular or plural verb form. Both takes a plural verb. REMEMBER In sentences with there, the subject always follows the verb. Identify the subject by looking for the main noun or pronoun. Gerund subjects are singular. 5  IV. PRACTICE  Activity 1: Fill in the blank with the form of be 1. For some people, it ____________difficult to learn a second language. 2. There ___________three main causes of rain. 3. Nguyen Van Thieu ___________the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975. 4. The results of the experiment are unclear, so there __________a need for more study. 5. Farming and home building _______the greatest dangers for wild animals that live nearby. 6. In 1972, there_________only one American hamburger restaurant in France, but now there are thousands. 7. Modern-day Croatia and the Czech Republic ____________Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1918. 8. In my opinion, the class was too large for effective learning because there_______ over 50 students. Words Meaning Words Meaning Causes Farming President Dangers Experiment Wild animals  Activity 2: Fill in the blank with the correct form of be. Use no or not when it is there. 1. There ___________ over seven billion people living on Earth today. 2. According to the World Database of Happiness, Switzerland ___________ the world’s happiest nation in 2015. 3. Biofuels _________ fuels that come from plants. 4. There __________ (no) California condors in the wild between 1988 and 1991. 5. Contrary to what many people think, there __________ (no) earthquake season. 6. Some research suggests that walking __________ better for weight loss than running. 7. One of the main causes of sleep problems ___________ stress. 8. The Shanghai Tower __________(not) as tall as the Burj Khalifa. 6  Words Meaning Words Meaning Contrary to sth Suggest Earthquake Weight loss  Exercise 3: Underline the correct form of the verb in the parentheses. 1. There (is / are) five types of computers: laptops, desktops, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. 2. Some research suggests that drinking bottled water (is / are) bad for your health. 3. The production of meat (is / are) one of the main contributors to climate change. 4. In the year 1800, the world population (was/ were) 1 billion. 5. Mining and farming (is /are) two of the main causes of water pollution. 6. One responsibility of a chief executive officer (CEO) (is / are) to develop the company's long-term plan. 7. At 116 years old, Susannah Mushatt Jones (was/ were) the world's oldest living person in 2015. 8. There (was / were) over 7.5 million cars in the United States by 1920. Words Meaning Words Meaning Production The world population Contributors Mining Climate change Responsibility Chief executive Long-term plan officer (CEO)  Exercise 4: In each paragraph, fill in the blank with the correct form of be. 1. Overfishing __________ catching so many fish that they cannot replace themselves. Overfishing means we have fewer fish to eat. It ________ also harmful to other plants and animals in the ocean. 2. There __________ three techniques for improving memory. One way to stop using your GPS for directions and to use your memory instead. For example, if you a visual person, study a route map and memorize it. If you a verbal person, memorize the directions as a list of steps. 7  3. The poison dart frog _________ a small frog that lives in Central America. These frogs __________ very colorful. They can be yellow, orange, or light green. There ________ more than 100 different types of poison dart frogs. 4. When I _________ a child, Belleville __________ a quiet, sleepy town. It_______difficult to find a job in Belleville in those days. In fact, everyone worked in the nearby city, and they took the train to get there. As a result, there _______ very little traffic in Belleville. Today, however, traffic __________ a big problem in my hometown. Words Meaning Words Meaning Overfishing Verbal person Harmful A route map Techniques Memorize Directions Poison A visual person In fact, As a result, Instead  Exercise 5: is your sentence complete? Find the missing words. 1. The lion is one of the fastest mammals in the world, but it not as fast as the cheetah. 2. Are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. 3. The inland taipan is one of the world's most poisonous snakes, but is not the most dangerous. 4. Over 10 thousand years ago, were trees, plants, and plenty of water in the Sahara desert. 5. Until 1997, Almaty was the capital of Kazakhstan, but now is Astana. 6. In the past, were billions of passenger pigeons on Earth, but the very last one, Martha, died in a zoo over 100 years ago. 7. In the future, is likely that humans will live on Mars. 8. The Empire State Building was the tallest building in the world, but now there many taller buildings. Words Meaning Words Meaning Mammals Dangerous Poisonous Plenty of Capital Passenger 8  Exercise 6: Do you need be or have? REMEMBER:  Use be to identify someone or something and to describe location_ xác định người, vật hoặc mô tả địa điểm  Use have to indicate possession or ownership, relationships, or parts of a whole_chỉ sự sở hữu, mối quan hệ, hoặc một bộ phận.  Use there + be to state that something or someone exists, or that something is a fact_ chỉ ra vật hoặc người tồn tại, hoặc điều gì đó là sự thật. 1. Many household cleaning products (have/ are) harmful to humans. 2. When a camel (has / is) really thirsty, it can drink up to 30 gallons (135 liters) of water in about 13 minutes, 3. There (have / are) many reasons why it is important to have a college degree. 4. The Singapore Zoo (has / is) over 300 species of mammals, birds, and reptiles. 5. Taipei 101 (had/ was) the world's tallest building until 2010. 6. Kenya, for example, (has / is) a limited supply of fresh water. 7. Singapore (has / is) four official languages: Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, and English. 8. Elephants (have/ are) the largest land animals on Earth. Words Meaning Words Meaning Household Thirsty A college degree Species Reptiles a A Limited supply Fresh water Official languages  Exercise 7: Vocabulary in Academic Writing available different Important necessary useful consistent essential Likely similar willing 1. A large library _________ (different/ necessary) to help children become better readers. 2. In this country, earthquakes _________ more (likely/ willing) to occur on the coast than in the inland areas. 3. First of all, hybrid cars ___________ (different / willing) from electric cars in terms of cost. 9 4. Finally, training in the workplace _________ (similar/ important) in that it helps workers learn skills they can use on the job. 5. We still do not know how birth order affects personality, so more research on this issue ___________ (essential / available). 6. Communities are healthier when recreation areas________ (willing / available) to residents. 7. The cost of living _______ (not) always (consistent/ important) with the amount of money people can earn. 8. Hobbes and Malthus _________ (similar/ available) in their ideas on what motivates people. 9. Although a computer science degree may _______willing / useful) in getting a job, it does not lead to a complete understanding of computer science. 10. The story's hero ________ (willing/ consistent) to give up something of value—for example, his own life—in order to achieve a goal. Words Meaning Words Meaning Occur Personality Hybrid cars Recreation areas In terms of costs Motivate A complete Achieve a goal understanding  Exercise 8:Building greater sentences. Combine these short sentences into one sentence. You can add new words and move words around, but you should not add or omit any ideas. More than one answer is possible, but all of these sentences require the verb be. 1. a. Death Valley is one of the hottest places on Earth. b. This is because it is located below sea level. c. This is because it is far from any sources of water. 10  2. a. Cats are the best pets you can own. b. Cats are clean. c. Cats are independent. 3. a. Riding the bus is good for the environment. b. It is not convenient for everyone. c. This is because it is hard for disabled people to go up the stairs. d. This is because it is hard for disabled people to go down the stairs e. This is because it is hard for elderly people to go up the stairs. f. This is because it is hard for elderly people to go down the stairs. 4. a. Birds make lovely pets. b. Birds are colorful. c. Birds can sing beautifully. 5. a. Math is a useful subject. b. Math teaches problem-solving. c. Math is essential for many careers. 6. 11  a. The library is a quiet place. b. The library has many resources. c. The library is a great place to study. 7. a. Cycling is a healthy activity. b. Cycling is environmentally friendly. c. Cycling is a fun way to explore the outdoors. 8. a. Writing helps improve communication skills. b. Writing encourages creativity. c. Writing allows you to express your thoughts 12