LESSON-1-2-STS.pptx

Science, Technology and Society GECC 105 Chapter I: The Nature of Science Technology and Society Lesson I. Understanding Science, Technology, and Society Science comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning 'knowledge' refers to a systematic and methodical activity of bu...

Science, Technology and Society GECC 105 Chapter I: The Nature of Science Technology and Society Lesson I. Understanding Science, Technology, and Society Science comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning 'knowledge' refers to a systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing knowledge about how the universe behaves through observation,experimentati on or both The Nature of Science “ Science is the father of knowledge, but opinion breeds ignorance” - Hippocrates - it is a human attempt to understand the natural world, with or without concern for practical uses of that knowledge. - it tries to discover facts and relationships and then tries to create theories that make sense of these facts and relationships. - any concern of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails unbiased observations and systematic experimentation. - involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental laws. - it is based on the premises that our senses, and extensions of our senses through the use of instruments, can give us accurate information about the universe. - follows very specific “rules” and its results are always subject to testing and if necessary, revision. Observations The Scientific Process of the Question Hypothesis Physical world Conclusion Experiment Technology the application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools and machines aimed at solving real- world problems It comes from the Greek root word techne, meaning 'art, TECHNOLOGY "What defines a technological tool- one historical definition - is something that takes a human's sense or ability and augments it and makes it more powerful. So, for example, I wear contact lenses or glasses; that is a technology that enhances my human ability of vision and makes it better." - Mark Zuckerberg SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The Relationship Between Science and Technology Technology Try to imagine a world without technology. Computer TV Car Heating (Energy) Cooling Clothes Food House Lamp, paper, pen, chair, … Society a community, nation, or broad grouping of people having common traditions, institutions, and collective activities and interests Technology and Society  "We live in a society absolutely dependent on science and technology and yet have cleverly arranged things so that almost no one understands science and technology. That's a clear prescription for disaster." - Carl Sagan Science, Technology, and Society (STS) a relatively young field that combines previously independent and older disciplines, such as the history of science, philosophy of science, and sociology of science. As an academic field, STS, according to Harvard University's Kennedy School (2018), traces its roots from the interwar period and the start of the Cold War.  The John J. Relly Center for Science, Technology, and Values of the University of Notre Dame is responsible for listing the ten emerging ethical dilemmas and policy issues in science and technology every year. Below is the list for 2021. 1. Battle for the Arctic - the race to create new technologies to explore commercial gains in the Arctic. 2. Your Digital Twin - a virtual copy of the person that can be analyzed without his or her presence. 3. MIT’s Version of “Inception” - a sleep-tracking device that can alter dreams by tracking hypnagogia and then delivering audio cues based on incoming physiological data, at precise times in the sleep cycle, to make dream direction possible. 4. Robot Abuse - humans all over the world have been caught mercilessly harming robots “for fun.” 5. “Stalkerware” Apps – a commercially available software used to spy on another person via their device and without their consent 6. The Data Void Left by Search Engines -search engine spit out a small amount of information during searching 7. Telemedicine - use of electronic information and telecommunication technology to get the health care you need while practicing social distancing. 8. App Profits off Foreclosures - a “gig economy” app company developed Civvl, a service that contracts eviction crews to secure foreclosed residential properties. 9. Doomscrolling - the act of constantly consuming negative online content (or content that makes you feel bad). 10. Facebook - Facebook has 2.45 billion monthly active users, has been involved in dozens of ethics violations, and shows no signs of stopping in the foreseeable future. Chapter I: The Nature of Science Technology and Society Lesson II HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ANCIENT PERIOD Ancient Wheel The invention of the ancient wheel is often credited to the Sumerian since no other ancient civilization used a similar device at the time 1000 to 1500 years later 3,500 BC – invention of the potter’s wheel 1000 to 1500 years later – wheel was first used in carts ANCIENT PERIOD ANCIENT PERIOD Paper around 3000 BC- the ancient Egyptians began writing on papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) ANCIENT PERIOD Shadoof an early tool invented and used by ancient Egyptians to irrigate the land a hand-operated device used for lifting water believed to be an ancient precursor of more sophisticated irrigation tools. ANCIENT PERIOD Shadoof ANCIENT PERIOD Antikythera mechanism was invented by Greek scientists between 150-1 00BC. similar to a clock in the way that the case has a circular face and rotating hands a knob on the side makes it possible for it to be wound forward or backward (allows it to display celestial time) ANCIENT PERIOD Antikythera mechanism ANCIENT PERIOD Aeolipile Also known as the Hero's engine, the aeolipile is widely believed to be the ancient precursor of the steam engine Hero of Alexandria is credited for the demonstration of the use of the aeolipile during the 1st century AD ANCIENT PERIOD Aeolipile MIDDLE AGES Heavy Plough "The heavy plow turned European agriculture and economy on its head. Suddenly, the fields with the heavy, fatty, and moist clay soils became those that gave the greatest yields." - Professor Thomas Bernebeck Andersen of the University of Southern Denmark MIDDLE AGES Heavy Plough MIDDLE AGES Gunpowder Around 850 AD - Chinese alchemists accidentally invented black powder or gunpowder Chinese called it huoyao, roughly translated as "fire potion“ Towards the end of the 13th century - the explosive invention crept into most parts of Europe and Asia MIDDLE AGES Gunpowder MIDDLE AGES Paper Money 17th century AD - as an offshoot of the invention of block printing, which is similar to stamping Mongols attempted to introduce paper money into the Middle East market in the 13th century, it did not gain immediate success MIDDLE AGES Mechanical Clock paved the way for accurately keeping track of time drastically changed the way days were spent and work patterns were established, particularly in the more advanced Middle Age cities MIDDLE AGES Spinning Wheel a machine used for transforming fiber into thread or yarn and eventually woven into cloth on a loom Indians invented the spinning wheel between 6th and 11 th century AD this invention ushered in a breakthrough in linen production when it was introduced in Europe in the 13th century AD MODERN AGES Compound Microscope - 1590 Janssen's compound microscope was an important progression from the single lens microscope. It was capable of magnifying objects three times their size when fully closed and up to ten times when extended to the maximum. MODERN AGES Telescope - 1609 It was Galileo who first used the telescope skyward and made important astronomical discoveries, and identified the presence of craters and mountains on the moon MODERN AGES Jacquard Loom – 1804 Built by French weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard, the Jacquard loom simplifies textile manufacturing. also an important antecedent of modern computer technology as it demonstrated the use of punched cards to instruct a machine to carry out complex tasks, i.e., making different textile patterns MODERN AGES Engine-Powered Airplane – 1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright spent four years of research and development to create the first successful powered airplane, the 1903 Wright Flyer. It first flew at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903, with Orville at the controls. MODERN AGES Television – 1924-1928 The Scottish engineer John Logie Baird is largely credited for the invention of the modern television televised objects in outline in 1924 recognizable human faces in 1925 moving objects in 1926 projected colored images in 1928