Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics PDF

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS  GENDER -Refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are social constructed. -As social construct, gender varies from society to society and can change over time. - Gender is a dimension of social organization...

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS  GENDER -Refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are social constructed. -As social construct, gender varies from society to society and can change over time. - Gender is a dimension of social organization, shaping how RELIGION - Refers to a set of beliefs, practices, and rituals centered around the worship of deity or deities, and often involves a code of ethics or moral principle. - It plays significant role in shaping cultural, social, and personal identity for many people around the word. SOCIO- ECONOMIC STATUS THERE MAY BE DIFFERENCES IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM. SOME STUDENTS MAY BELONG TO THE UPPER, MIDDLE OR LOWER CLASS 1. UPPER CLASS The people in this class have a great wealth and sources of income. They constitute the elite wealthy group in a society. They have high reputation in terms of power and prestige. 5 2. MIDDLE CLASS People in this class system may belong to upper middle class like the businessmen and professional on in the lower-middle class like the teachers, clerks, etc. 3. LOWER CLASS -People in this class belong to the bottom of socio-economic ladder. This class system may be categorized into two: upper-lower class and lower-lower class. People in the upper-lower class may be considered as the working class or the laborers. People The lower-lower class people are those who are unemployed, or no source of income except by begging or dependent from private and government relief. 7 NATIONALITY Nationality is the status of belonging to a particular nation. ETHNICITY Ethnicity is a person’s ethnic traits, classification, or association. EXCEPTIONALITY Special needs students are those with exceptionalities. In general, exceptionalities fall in six categories:  INTELLECTUAL - This includes students who have superior intelligence as well as those who are slow to learn. ➔ Superior Intelligence: These students may be identified as "gifted" and often need more challenging material to stay engaged. For example, a student who excels in math might require advanced coursework or special projects. ➔ Slow Learners: These students may have difficulty keeping up with the pace of regular classroom instruction. They often benefit from individualized instruction or additional support, such as tutoring or modified assignments. 11  COMMUNICATIVE - These students have special learning disabilities or speech or language impairments. ➔ Learning Disabilities: Students with dyslexia, for example, have trouble reading due to difficulty processing written language. They might need reading materials adapted to their learning style or assistive technology. ➔ Speech or Language Impairments: A student with a stutter might require speech therapy and a supportive classroom environment that allows them to participate without pressure. 12 - SENSORY - Sensory-grouped students have auditory or visual disabilities. ➔ Auditory Disabilities: Students who are deaf or hard of hearing may use hearing aids, cochlear implants, or American Sign Language (ASL). They often need teachers who are trained in using these tools and methods. ➔ Visual Disabilities: Students who are blind or have low vision might use braille, large print books, or screen readers to access information. They may also benefit from orientation and mobility training. 13  BEHAVIORAL - These students are emotionally disturbed or socially maladjusted. ➔ Emotionally Disturbed: These students might have anxiety disorders, depression, or other mental health issues that affect their learning and behavior. They often need a supportive environment, counseling, and individualized behavior plans. ➔ Socially Maladjusted: Students who struggle with social interactions and behavior norms might display disruptive behavior or have difficulty forming positive relationships. They may benefit from social skills training and structured environments. 14 PHYSICAL - This includes students with orthopedic or mobility disabilities. ➔ Orthopedic Disabilities: Students with conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy may use wheelchairs or other mobility aids. Schools need to provide accessible classrooms and equipment to accommodate their physical needs. ➔ Mobility Disabilities: Similar to orthopedic disabilities, these students require adaptations in the physical layout of the classroom and may need assistance with certain tasks. 15  MULTIPLE - These students have a combination of conditions, such as orthopedically challenged and visually impaired. ➔ Students with a combination of conditions require comprehensive support that addresses all their needs. For instance, a student who is both orthopedically challenged and visually impaired might need a combination of physical accommodations and assistive technologies for both mobility and learning 16