Tissue Biopsy Techniques PDF

biopsy HISTOPATHOLOGY TECHNIQUE MSC : [EMAN MAHJOUB ] Dr: Eman mahjoub  Biopsy  Definition:  A biopsy is the removal of tissue from the body to examine it for disease.  Purpose: 1. To diagnose diseases 2. Assess treatment eff...

biopsy HISTOPATHOLOGY TECHNIQUE MSC : [EMAN MAHJOUB ] Dr: Eman mahjoub  Biopsy  Definition:  A biopsy is the removal of tissue from the body to examine it for disease.  Purpose: 1. To diagnose diseases 2. Assess treatment effects, 3. Study tissue abnormalities. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Types of Biopsies 1- Excisional Biopsy:  Removes an entire lump or suspicious area.  Used for smaller lumps  or when the entire mass is suspicious. 2 - Incisional Biopsy:  Removes only a portion of abnormal tissue.  Used when a mass is too large for complete removal. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Type of Incisional Biopsy 1. Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) 2. Core Needle Biopsy 3- Endoscopic biopsy 4- Endometrial biopsy 5- Skin biopsy:  Punch biopsy  Shaving biopsy 6- Bone marrow biopsy 7- Sentinel lymph node biopsy Dr: Eman mahjoub  Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)  Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the removal of tissue , fluid or small pieces from the tumor using a thin needle. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)  Primarily used for cytology (study of cells).  Local antithetic is sometimes used to numb the area, but the test rarely cause much discomfort.  The small needle is inserted into the abnormal area ,guided by image technique to obtain tissue  This type of biopsy can provide a diagnosis without surgical intervention  Disadvantages: Limited tissue architecture information. Dr: Eman mahjoub Dr: Eman mahjoub  Core Needle Biopsy  Purpose:  Obtains more tissue than FNA,  allowing for histological examination.  Advantages:  Provides better assessment of tissue architecture.  Disadvantages:  More invasive than FNA, requires local anesthesia. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Endoscopic biopsy  This type of biopsy is performed through a fiberoptic endoscope( a long thin tube that has a close focusing telescope on the end for viewing ) Dr: Eman mahjoub  Endoscopic biopsy  The endoscope is used to view the organ for abnormal or suspicious area, in order to obtain a small amount of tissue for study.  The endoscopic procedure are named for the organ or body area to visualized and / or treated.  The physician can insert the endoscope into the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, abdominal cavity, joint, trachea and bronchial system. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Endometrial biopsy  Is a procedure in which a sample of endometrial ( uterine lining) tissue is obtain using a tube which is inserted to the uterus. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Endometrial biopsy  The tissue sample is examined under a microscope to determine if cancer or other a abnormal cells are present  A endometrial biopsy procedure is often performed in a doctor office. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Skin biopsy 1- Punch biopsy:  Punch biopsy involve taking a deeper sample of skin with a biopsy instrument that removes a short cylinder of tissue.  After local antithetic the instrument is rotated on the surface of the skin until it cut through all the layers, including the dermis, epidermis. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Skin biopsy 2- Shaving biopsy:  This type of biopsy involve removing the top layers of skin by shaving it of.  Shave biopsy are also perform with local anesthetic Dr: Eman mahjoub  Bone Marrow Aspiration  Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy:  Procedure to remove bone marrow, blood, and a small piece of bone.  Performed using a needle inserted into the hipbone or breastbone. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Bone Marrow Aspiration  Procedure Locations: 1. Sternum (Breastbone) 2. Iliac Crest of Hipbone 3. Located on either side of the pelvis in the lower back  Preparation Steps: 1. Cleansing the skin 2. Applying local anesthetic to numb the area Dr: Eman mahjoub  Bone Marrow Aspiration  Aspiration Step:  Long, rigid needle inserted into the marrow  Cells aspirated (removed) for study  Some discomfort may occur.  Pathology Review:  Bone marrow, blood, and bone are examined under a microscope  Purpose: To look for signs of cancer Dr: Eman mahjoub  Bone Marrow Aspiration Dr: Eman mahjoub  Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy  Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy is a procedure to detect the spread of cancer, often melanoma, to lymph nodes.  Step 1: Tracer Injection:  Before surgery, a radioactive tracer or blue dye is injected near the tumor.  This tracer flows through the lymph channels, identifying the first lymph nodes (sentinel nodes) draining from the tumor area.  Step 2: Localization Scan:  A body scan is performed to locate the sentinel lymph node(s) for the surgeon. This guides the surgeon to target specific lymph nodes during surgery. Dr: Eman mahjoub  Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Dr: Eman mahjoub  Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy  Step 3: Removal and Biopsy:  The identified sentinel lymph node(s) are removed and examined under a microscope.  A pathologist checks for cancer cells, often using additional staining techniques (immunostains).  Step 4: Next Steps Based on Results  If cancer cells are found in the sentinel node, further treatment or surgery may be needed. If no cancer is found, additional surgery is typically not necessary. Dr: Eman mahjoub  GOOD LUCK Dr: Eman mahjoub