lecture1-- wemos.pdf

Introduction to WEMOS Instructor: Ali Husein 2024  What is a WEMOS? The Wemos d1 is an Arduino Uno-like Wi-fi board based on ESP-8266EX. You can use the Arduino IDE, NodeMCU, and other development environments available. The Wemos D1 R1 is an open-sou...

Introduction to WEMOS Instructor: Ali Husein 2024  What is a WEMOS? The Wemos d1 is an Arduino Uno-like Wi-fi board based on ESP-8266EX. You can use the Arduino IDE, NodeMCU, and other development environments available. The Wemos D1 R1 is an open-source IoT development board based on the widely popular ESP8266 module. It is designed for easy and rapid prototyping of IoT projects.  specifications of the Wemos D1 R1 Microcontroller: It is equipped with the ESP8266EX microcontroller, which runs at a clock frequency of 80MHz and has 4MB of flash memory. Connectivity: The board supports 2.4GHz Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, making it easy to connect to the internet and integrate with other devices and services. GPIO Pins: It has 11 digital input/output pins (GPIO) that can be used for interfacing with sensors, actuators, and other electronic components.  Analog Pins: The board features one analog input pin (ADC) that allows you to connect analog sensors and read their values. USB-to-Serial Converter: It is equipped with a built-in USB- to-Serial converter, enabling easy programming and debugging of your projects. Power Supply: The board can be powered either through the micro USB port or directly through the Vin pin, supporting a wide voltage range (5V-12V).  Programming: The Wemos D1 R1 can be programmed using the Arduino IDE, which provides a familiar and user- friendly environment for coding. Expansion Shields: It is compatible with various expansion shields, allowing you to easily add functionality, such as motor control, display, or additional sensor support. With the Wemos D1 R1 board, you can create a wide range of IoT projects, including home automation, sensor monitoring, and data logging. Its compact size and versatility make it an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced IoT enthusiasts.  Introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT) Instructor: Ali Husein 2023  IoT stands for Internet of Things. It refers to the interconnectedness of physical devices, such as appliances and vehicles, that are embedded with software, sensors, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data. This technology allows for the collection and sharing of data from a vast network of devices, creating chances for more efficient and automated systems.  In the upcoming years, IoT-based technology will offer advanced services and practically change how people lead their daily lives. Advancements in medicine, power, gene therapies, agriculture, smart cities, and smart homes are a few of the categorical examples of IoT being strongly established.  With more than 10 billion connected IoT devices today, experts are expecting this number to grow to 22 billion by 2025.  History of IOT 1970- The actual idea of connected devices was proposed 1990- John Romkey created a toaster which could be turned on/off over the Internet 1995- Siemens introduced the first cellular module built for M2M 1999- The term “Internet of Things” was used by Kevin Ashton during his work at P&G which became widely accepted 2004 – The term was mentioned in famous publications like the Guardian, Boston Globe, and Scientific American  2005-UN’s International Telecommunications Union (ITU) published its first report on this topic. 2008- The Internet of Things was born 2011- Gartner, the market research company, include “The Internet of Things” technology in their research  Main Components Used in IoT The entire IoT process starts with the devices themselves like smartphones, smartwatches, electronic appliances like TV, Washing Machine which helps you to communicate with the IoT platform. There are six basic components used to build IOT system :  1- Sensors/Devices Sensors or devices are a key component that helps you to collect live data from the surrounding environment. All this data may have various levels of complexity. It could be a simple temperature monitoring sensor, or it may be in the form of a video feed. A device may have various types of sensors which performs multiple tasks apart from sensing.  The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses a wide range of devices, and here are some common types used in IoT: 1. Sensors: These devices gather various types of data from their surroundings, such as temperature, humidity, motion, light, or proximity. 2. Actuators: Actuators are devices that perform physical actions based on the received instructions, such as motors, switches, or valves. 3. Wearable Devices: These are small electronic devices that can be worn on the body, like smartwatches, fitness trackers, or health monitors. 4. Smart Home Devices: Devices that control and automate various aspects of a home, such as smart thermostats, smart lighting systems, or smart locks. 5. Industrial IoT Devices: Used in industrial settings for automation, monitoring, and optimization of processes, such as manufacturing equipment, asset trackers, or predictive maintenance systems. 6. Connected Appliances: Common household appliances like refrigerators, ovens, or washing machines that can connect to the internet for enhanced functionality, remote control, or data collection. 7. Smart City Infrastructure: Urban infrastructure elements equipped with IoT capabilities, including smart streetlights, parking sensors, waste management systems, or environmental monitoring sensors. 8. Intelligent Transportation Systems: Devices used in transportation networks, like connected cars, traffic monitoring systems, fleet management devices, or public transportation systems. 9. Medical and Healthcare Devices: IoT devices used in healthcare for remote patient monitoring, medical wearables, automated drug administration systems, or health tracking devices.  2- Embedded Systems used in iot Embedded systems play a crucial role in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. These specialized computer systems are designed to perform specific tasks and are embedded within various devices and systems. Here are some common types of embedded systems used in IoT: 1. Microcontrollers: Microcontrollers are the heart of many IoT devices. These small-scale integrated circuits contain a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals. They provide the processing power needed to collect data, make decisions, and control connected devices. 2. Communication Modules: Embedded systems in IoT devices need to communicate with other devices or a central system. Communication modules like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, or cellular modules enable data transmission over different wireless or wired protocols. These modules facilitate connectivity and enable IoT devices to exchange information. 3. Gateways: Gateways act as intermediaries between IoT devices and the cloud or other external networks. Embedded systems within gateways help in protocol translation, data filtering, security, and enabling communication between diverse IoT devices and networks. 4. Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): RTOS is specifically designed for embedded systems that require real-time computation capabilities. They provide predictable and deterministic behavior, ensuring tasks are executed within defined time constraints. RTOS enables critical functions like data acquisition, control, and response in time-sensitive IoT applications. 5. Raspberry Pi: Raspberry Pi is a small, affordable, single-board computer that is widely used in Internet of Things (IoT) projects. It is designed to be a versatile tool for learning, prototyping, and deploying IoT solutions. Raspberry Pi has various models available, each with different processing power and features.  3- Connectivity All the collected data is sent to a cloud infrastructure. The sensors should be connected to the cloud using various mediums of communication. These communication mediums include mobile or satellite networks, Bluetooth, WI-FI, WAN, etc..  Communication Protocols used in IoT IoT devices and systems use several communication protocols for efficient data transfer and interaction. The choice of protocol depends on the specific requirements of the IoT system, such as data size, power consumption, range, and network topology. These are just a few examples of the communication protocols used in IoT: 1. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) This lightweight, publish-subscribe protocol is designed for constrained devices and unreliable networks. It is widely used for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in IoT systems. 2. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) CoAP is a lightweight application-layer protocol for IoT devices and networks. It is designed for resource-constrained devices and enables efficient communication in constrained environments. 3. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Although primarily used for web browsing, HTTP is also used in IoT for communication between devices and servers. It allows devices to send requests and receive responses, making it suitable for device management and control. 4. WebSocket WebSocket is a communication protocol that provides full- duplex communication over a single TCP connection. It enables real-time, bidirectional communication between IoT devices and servers, allowing efficient data transmission.. 5. Zigbee Zigbee is a low-power wireless communication protocol designed for short-range communication in IoT devices. It operates on low bandwidth and is commonly used in home automation, smart lighting, and other applications.  4- Data Processing Once that data is collected, and gets to the cloud, the software performs processing on the gathered data. This process can be just checking the temperature, and reading on devices like AC or heaters. However, it can sometimes be very complex like identifying objects, or using computer vision on video. there are several data processing types commonly used in IoT  data processing types commonly used in IoT 1. Edge Processing In edge processing, data is analyzed and processed locally on the edge devices themselves, such as sensors or gateways. This allows real-time decision-making and reduces the need to send large volumes of raw data to the cloud. 2. Fog Computing Fog computing is a distributed computing model where data is processed on local servers or gateways, located closer to the edge devices. It helps in reducing latency and network congestion by processing critical data closer to the source. 3. Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a widely-used method where data from IoT devices is sent to the cloud for processing and analysis. Cloud platforms offer scalability, storage, and advanced analytics capabilities, allowing centralized management and processing of IoT data. 4. Stream Processing Stream processing is used for real-time data analysis where data is processed as it arrives in a continuous stream. It enables quick analysis and decision-making based on high-velocity IoT data streams. 5. Batch Processing In contrast to stream processing, batch processing involves processing large volumes of data in batches at once. It is commonly used for data analysis, aggregation, and reporting, but it may introduce longer processing times compared to real-time methods. It's worth mentioning that the choice of data processing type depends on various factors such as latency requirements, bandwidth constraints, cost considerations, and the specific use case of the IoT deployment.  5- User Interface The information needs to be available to the end-user in some way, which can be achieved by triggering alarms on their phones or sending them notification through email or text message. The user sometimes might need an interface that actively checks their IoT system. For example, the user has a camera installed in his home. He wants to access video recording and all the feeds with the help of a web server. In the field of Internet of Things (IoT), there are several user interface types used to interact with connected devices. Some commonly used user interface types in IoT include:  user interface types used in IoT 1.Mobile Applications: Mobile apps are developed for smartphones or tablets and provide a user-friendly interface to control and monitor IoT devices remotely. These apps often offer features like real-time data visualization, notifications, and device settings. 2.Web Interfaces: Web-based interfaces can be accessed through web browsers on computers or mobile devices. They offer a platform-independent solution to interact with IoT devices and often provide a centralized control panel for managing multiple devices. 3. Voice Interfaces: Voice user interfaces (VUIs) enable users to interact with IoT devices using voice commands. Virtual assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant can be integrated with IoT systems to control various functions through speech recognition and natural language processing. 4. Wearable Interfaces: Wearable devices such as smartwatches or fitness trackers can act as a user interface for certain IoT applications. They provide quick access to notifications, alerts, and limited control capabilities right on the user's wrist. 5. Gesture Interfaces: Gesture recognition technology allows users to interact with IoT devices through hand or body gestures. Cameras or depth sensors capture the movements, enabling control over certain functions without physically touching the device. 6. Physical Buttons and Displays: Some IoT devices feature built-in physical buttons, switches, or displays as a straightforward user interface. These can offer tactile feedback and as a normal, controls for basic device operations.  IoT Applications IoT solutions are widely used in numerous companies across industries. Some most common IoT applications are given below:  Smart Thermostats Helps you to save resources on heating bills by knowing your usage patterns. Connected Cars IoT helps automobile companies handle billing, parking, insurance, and other related stuff automatically. Activity Trackers Helps you to capture heart rate patterns, calorie expenditure, activity levels, and skin temperature on your wrist. Smart Outlets: Remotely turn any device on or off. It also allows you to track a device’s energy level and get custom notifications directly into your smartphone.  Parking Sensors IoT technology helps users to identify the real-time availability of parking spaces on their phones. Connect Health The concept of a connected healthcare system facilitates real-time health monitoring and patient care. It helps in improved medical decision-making based on patient data. Smart City Smart city offers all types of use cases which include traffic management to water distribution, waste management, etc.  Smart home Smart home encapsulates the connectivity inside your home. It includes smoke detectors, home appliances, light bulbs, windows, door locks, etc. Smart supply chain It helps you in real-time tracking of goods while they are on the road, or getting suppliers to exchange inventory information.  Advantages of IoT Key benefits of IoT technology are as follows: Technical Optimization IoT technology helps a lot in improving technologies and making them better. For example, with IoT, a manufacturer is able to collect data from various car sensors. The manufacturer analyzes them to improve its design and make them more efficient. Improved Data Collection Traditional data collection has its limitations and is designed for passive use. IoT facilitates immediate action on data.  Advantages of IoT Reduced Waste IoT offers real-time information leading to effective decision- making and management of resources. For example, if a manufacturer finds an issue in multiple car engines, he can track the manufacturing plan of those engines and solve this issue with the manufacturing belt. Improved Customer Engagement IoT allows you to improve customer experience by detecting problems and improving the process.  IoT Best Practices 1. Design products for reliability and security 2. Use strong authentication and security protocols 3. Disable non-essential services 4. Ensure Internet-managed, and IoT management hubs & services are secured 5. Energy efficient algorithms should be designed for the system to be active longer.  Application Domains IoT is currently found in four different popular domains: 1. Manufacturing/Industrial business - 40.2% 2. Healthcare - 30.3% 3. Security - 7.7% 4. Retail - 8.3%  Modern Applications ▪ Smart Grids and energy saving ▪ Smart cities ▪ Smart homes/Home automation ▪ Healthcare ▪ Earthquake detection ▪ Radiation detection/hazardous gas detection ▪ Smartphone detection ▪ Water flow monitoring ▪ Traffic monitoring ▪ Wearables ▪ Smart door lock protection system  Modern Applications ▪ Robots and Drones ▪ Healthcare and Hospitals, Telemedicine applications ▪ Security ▪ Biochip Transponders (For animals in farms) ▪ Heart monitoring implants (Example Pacemaker, ECG real time tracking) ▪ Agriculture ▪ Industry  Disadvantages of IoT ▪ Security concerns and potential for hacking or data breaches. ▪ Privacy issues related to the collection and use of personal data. ▪ Dependence on technology and potential for system failures. ▪ Limited standardization and interoperability among devices. ▪ Complexity and increased maintenance requirements. ▪ High initial investment costs. ▪ Limited battery life on some devices. ▪ Concerns about job displacement due to automation. ▪ Limited regulation and legal framework for IoT, which can lead to confusion and uncertainty.  MQTT (IOT) Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (Internet of Things) Instructor: Ali Husein 2024 MQTT - Open Connectivity for Mobile, M2M and IoT A lightweight publish/subscribe protocol with predictable bi-directional message delivery 2013 – MQTT Technical Committee formed Cimetrics, Cisco, Eclipse, dc-Square, Eurotech, IBM, INETCO Landis & Gyr, LSI, 2011 - Eclipse PAHO MQTT open Kaazing, M2Mi, Red Hat, Solace, Telit source project Comms, Software AG, TIBCO, WSO2 2004 MQTT.org open community 1999 Invented by Dr. Andy Stanford-Clark (IBM), Evolution of an open technology Arlen Nipper (now Cirrus Link Solutions)  Event based IoT Middleware MQTT Event pattern of communication (one to many) Over IP (TCP) MQTT is described on the mqtt.org site as a machine- to-machine (M2M) / IoT connectivity protocol. MQTT is an Event based IoT middleware (one to many) publish/subscribe messaging transport protocol Over TCP/IP (or MQTT-S over UDP for LAN) Its protocol is lightweight it can be supported by some of the smallest measuring and monitoring devices (ex. Arduino) it can transmit data over far-reaching networks It can transmit data over sometimes intermittent networks. Publish / Subscribe Messaging (One to Many) A producer publishes a message (publication) on a topic (subject) Server A consumer subscribes (makes a subscription) for messages on a topic (subject) A message server (called BROKER) matches publications to subscriptions If none of them match the message is discarded after modifying the topic If one or more matches the message is delivered to each matching consumer after modifying the topic Publish / Subscribe has three important characteristics: 1. It decouples message senders and receivers, allowing for more flexible applications 2. It can take a single message and distribute it to many consumers 3. This collection of consumers can change over time, and vary based on the nature of the message.  MQTT Terminology (1 of 2) MQTT Broker Payload Receives published topics Actual data Distributes topics to subscribers Message Keeps Client connections alive Topic + Payload Sends Last Will & Testament (LWT) to subscribers if a Client “ungracefully disconnects” QoS (Quality of Service) 0 = At most once (BRX always, publish & MQTT Client subscribe): transmits message once (relies on Can publish topic(s), keep-alive time, Retain bit, TCP) QoS, Last Will & Testament 1 = At least once : transmits message until it is Can subscribe to topic(s) acknowledged by receiver (may receive more than one) Topic 2 = Exactly once: transmits message, needs Name of the data “received” message, asks if it can be “released,” needs “complete” message  MQTT Terminology (2 of 2) Publish Last Will & Testament (LWT) To send a Topic w/Payload to MQTT Broker Topic w/Payload initially sent by an MQTT Client to the MQTT Broker for the Broker to Subscribe send to other Clients if he is “ungracefully To request a Topic w/Payload update from disconnected” MQTT Broker Retain Asks MQTT Broker to save the Topic w/Payload even after sending it to all the subscribing Clients Keep-alive Time How often Broker “pings” client to see if he’s there  MQTT Data Exchange MQTT Broker Publishers are fundamentally separate from Subscribers Publishers only care about getting data to Broker Broker is fully responsible for getting data to Subscribers Clients connect to an MQTT Broker (TCP/IP, MQTT) Clients can publish data to topics, e.g. host/office/room1/temp host/office/room1/temp, 72.3 Clients subscribe to topics, e.g. host/office/room1/temp Clients receive (from Broker) all data published to topics they subscribe to Data can be anything. Financial Transactions Basic Peer-to-peer MQTT QUALITY OF SERVICE (Lowest Bandwidth) (QOS) 0: At most once 1: At least once 2: Exactly once MQTT Topic and Wildcards MQTT Topic : Details A topic forms the namespace Is hierarchical with each “sub topic” separated by a / An example topic space A house publishes information about itself on: /////energyConsumption /////solarEnergy /////alarmState /////alarmState And subscribes for control commands: /////thermostat/setTemp A subscriber can subscribe to an absolute topic or can use wildcards: Single-level wildcards “+” can appear anywhere in the topic string Multi-level wildcards “#” must appear at the end of the string Wildcards must be next to a separator Cannot be used wildcards when publishing For example Libya/Tripoli/ben-Ashor/jrabaST/1/energyConsumption Energy consumption for 1 house in jrabaST Libya/Tripoli/ben-Ashor/+/+/energyConsumption Energy consumption for all houses in ben-Ashor Libya/Tripoli/ben-Ashor/jrabaST/# Details of energy consumption, solar and alarm for all houses in jrabaST  MQTT Broker – EXAMPLE LWT sentBroker sends to Client Topic1 #3 to #3 Connect Connect MQTT Client #1 MQTT Broker MQTT Client #3 No Topic1 (data), R1 CLIENT LIST: Subscribe (data) Subscriber Topic1 (data) Publish #4- #1-KAT:1s s Topic3 (data) Topic2 (data), R0 Topic3#1is is KAT:30s #2- Client#4 Client #3-KAT:5s LWT: If Client cut off! #1 had disconnected retained abruptly KAT:30s in a normal needsway: TOPIC LIST: SUBSCRIBE: Topic3 (data), R1 Topic2 not 1. Broker deletes LWT (Topic3)Topic6 Topic1 (data) #3: T1, T3 Topic2 not Topic2 data changes so 2. retained Broker does not Topic2 (data) send #4: T1,Topic3 T2, T6 to anyone Broker sends Broker retained Broker Topic1 sends tosends #4 Client publishes change Topic4 (data) Topic2 Topic6toto#4 #4 Topic1 exists Topic3 not sent Connect Topic5 (data) Connect MQTT Client #2 & is retained because it is LWT MQTT Client #4 Topic3 Topic6 is (data) Topic4 (data), R0 & #1Topic2 & Topic6 isClient#4 still aliveneeds retained do not exist Subscribe (data) Topic1 (data) Topic5 (data), R0 Publish Topic2 LWT: Topic2 (data) Topic4, 5 & 6 not Topic6 Topic6 (data), R0 (data) retained #1: Topic3 (data) Sample of protocol use Ideal for constrained networks (low bandwidth, high latency, data limits, and fragile connections) MQTT control packet headers are kept as small as possible. Each MQTT control packet consists of three parts, a fixed header, variable header, and payload. Each MQTT control packet has a 2-byte Fixed header. Not all the control packets have the variable headers and payload. A variable header contains the packet identifier if used by the control packet. A payload up to 256 MB could be attached in the packets. Having a small header overhead makes this protocol appropriate for IoT by lowering the amount of data transmitted over constrained networks. MQTT Clients andAPIs You can develop an MQTT client application by programming directly to the MQTT protocol specification …… however it is more convenient to use a prebuilt client Open Source clients available in Eclipse Paho project C, C++, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Python and Go Clients for other languages are available, see mqtt.org/software E.g. Delphi, Erlang,.Net, Objective-C, PERL, PHP, Ruby Not all of the client libraries listed on mqtt.org are current. Some are at an early or experimental stage of development, whilst others are stable and mature. Even in shell script … Introduction to Cloud Computing Instructor: Ali Husein 2024  Introduction What is cloud computing? Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the Internet, including storage, processing power, and software applications. Cloud Computing It allows users to access resources and services on-demand, without the need for physical infrastructure or local servers. Introduction  Many Cloud Providers AWS: Amazon Web Services – EC2: Elastic Compute Cloud – S3: Simple Storage Service – EBS: Elastic Block Storage Microsoft Azure Google Cloud/Compute Engine/AppEngine Rightscale, Salesforce, EMC, Gigaspaces, 10gen, Datastax, Oracle, VMWare, Yahoo, Cloudera And many many more! What is a Cloud? What is a Cloud?  Cloud Deployment Models Introduction Cloud Computing  Cloud Deployment Models Public Cloud Services are provided over a public network and available to anyone who wants to use them. It is a cost-effective option for businesses and individuals looking for scalability and flexibility. Cloud Computing Public cloud providers, such as AWS, Azure, and GCP, offer a wide range of services accessible to the general public. Introduction  Cloud Deployment Models Private Cloud Infrastructure is dedicated to a single organization and may be located on-premises or off-premises. Private cloud environments are designed to meet specific Cloud Computing security, compliance, or performance requirements. They offer enhanced control, customization, and privacy but require significant upfront investment. Introduction  Cloud Deployment Models Hybrid Cloud Combines public and private cloud environments, allowing for flexibility and data sharing between the two. Organizations can leverage the benefits of both public Cloud Computing and private clouds, ensuring optimal resource allocation. Hybrid cloud deployments enable workload portability and seamless integration between different environments. Introduction  Cloud Deployment Models Community Cloud Community cloud is a deployment model where infrastructure and services are shared among a specific community or group of organizations. It caters to the needs of a particular community, such as Cloud Computing government agencies, educational institutions, or research organizations. Community cloud provides a cost-effective solution while addressing specific requirements and compliance standards of the community. Introduction  Service Models Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Users have control over the operating systems, storage, and networking components. Cloud Computing They can provision and manage virtual machines (VMs), storage, and networks according to their requirements. Examples of IaaS providers include AWS EC2, Azure Virtual Machines, and Google Compute Engine. Introduction  Service Models Platform as a Service (PaaS) PaaS offers a platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications. Users can focus on application development without worrying about infrastructure management. PaaS providers manage the underlying infrastructure, including Cloud Computing servers, storage, and networking. Developers can leverage pre-configured environments, development frameworks, and deployment tools. Examples of PaaS providers include Heroku, Google App Engine, and AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Introduction  Service Models Software as a Service (SaaS) SaaS delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription basis. Users can access and use applications directly through a web browser or APIs. The provider hosts and manages the underlying infrastructure, Cloud Computing application, and data. Users can typically customize certain aspects of the application to fit their needs. Examples of SaaS include Salesforce, Microsoft Office 365, and Google Workspace. Introduction  Benefits of Cloud Cost Savings: Pay for what you use, with no upfront infrastructure costs. Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down based on demand. Flexibility: Access resources and applications from anywhere with an internet connection. Cloud Computing Reliability: Cloud providers typically offer high uptime and data redundancy. Collaboration: Enable seamless collaboration and data sharing among teams. Introduction  Common Cloud Computing Use Cases Data Storage and Backup: Store and back up large amounts of data securely. Software Development and Testing: Rapidly create and deploy applications in a scalable environment. Web and Mobile Applications: Host web and mobile Cloud Computing applications in the cloud for global accessibility. Big Data Analytics: Process and analyze vast amounts of data using cloud resources. Disaster Recovery: Maintain data backups and recovery plans in the cloud for business continuity. Introduction  Cloud Architecture Cloud architecture refers to the design and structure of cloud computing environments, including the arrangement of components and the relationships between them. It involves various elements that work together to deliver Cloud Computing cloud services and ensure reliability, scalability, and security. Introduction  Conclusion Cloud computing enables the delivery of computing services over the internet, eliminating the need for local infrastructure. Key characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Cloud Computing Deployment models include public, private, and hybrid clouds, offering flexibility and data sharing options. Service models such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS provide virtualized computing resources, platform for application development, and software delivery respectively. Cloud computing offers benefits like cost savings, scalability, flexibility, reliability, and Introduction enhanced collaboration. Cloud computing presents a transformative approach to computing, offering cost- effective solutions, scalability, and flexibility for organizations across various industries. By leveraging the benefits of cloud computing and aligning with the appropriate deployment and service models, organizations can drive innovation, improve efficiency, and adapt to evolving business needs.  Remember Understand your specific needs and requirements when selecting a cloud deployment and service model. Prioritize security measures such as data encryption and access controls to protect against unauthorized access. Cloud Computing Plan for disaster recovery and high availability to ensure business continuity. Continuously monitor and optimize resource utilization for optimal performance and cost savings. Regularly assess and adapt your cloud architecture to evolving business needs and emerging technologies. Introduction What is thingspeak? ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics platform service that allows users to aggregate, visualize, and analyze live data streams in the cloud. You can send data to ThingSpeak from your devices, create instant visualizations of live data, and send alerts using web services like Twitter® and Twilio®. With MATLAB® analytics inside ThingSpeak, you can write and execute MATLAB code to perform preprocessing, visualizations, and analyses. ThingSpeak enables engineers and scientists to prototype and build IoT systems without setting up servers or developing web software. You can also send data to ThingSpeak from machines or local gateways using a REST API or an MQTT API.  Supported Devices Sensor data can be sent to ThingSpeak from Arduino®, Espressif ESP32 & ESP8266, Raspberry Pi , BeagleBone Black, and other hardware. For devices to communicate with ThingSpeak, they must support HTTP or MQTT protocols. Secure connections are recommended and require your device to support TLS 1.2. Your firewall must allow connection to the standard ports for these protocols.  ThingSpeak Restrictions Once you create a count in Thingspeak using free membership you are allowed to create up to 6 channels with 8 fields in each channel. When using Thingspeak as your IOT platform, you will need to create a channel for your project, every field of this channel must be assigned for single sensor data. Total allowed publishing messages is 3,000.000 messages. The delay time between the messages is 5 sec Channel content details Private View: This tab displays information about your channel that only you can see. Public View: If you choose to make your channel publicly available, use this tab to display selected fields and channel visualizations. Channel Settings: This tab shows all the channel options you set at creation. You can edit, clear, or delete the channel from this tab. Sharing: This tab shows channel sharing options. You can set a channel as private, shared with everyone (public), or shared with specific users. API Keys: This tab displays your channel API keys. Use the keys to read from and write to your channel. Data Import/Export: This tab enables you to import and export channel data.  What is a Blynk? Blynk is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform that allows users to easily connect and control their IoT devices through a user-friendly mobile app. Its features include drag-and-drop app building tools, real- time data monitoring, virtual pins for communication between devices, customizable dashboards, push notifications, and integration with popular IoT hardware like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP8266.  Blynk also offers secure cloud connectivity and support for both Android and iOS devices, making it a versatile and highly accessible IoT solution for hobbyists and professionals alike. Blynk also provides a wide range of libraries and APIs for developers to easily create customized IoT applications, as well as the ability to share projects within a community of users. It supports a variety of communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and cellular data, enabling a diverse range of IoT projects to be implemented seamlessly.  Additionally, Blynk offers a subscription-based service for advanced features and larger scale projects, making it a scalable solution for individuals and businesses looking to expand their IoT capabilities.  In a free subscription you allowed to build Three templates for Four users, and Two devices with a maximum of five data streams at a time