Lecture1_v2.ppt

UKAI 2063 Accounting Information Systems II Lecture 1 Introduction to AIS II  LECTURE 1 OUTLINE  Introduction to the unit  Role of information systems in business  Introduction to system development process  Role of Systems Analyst  Role of Accountants in...

UKAI 2063 Accounting Information Systems II Lecture 1 Introduction to AIS II  LECTURE 1 OUTLINE  Introduction to the unit  Role of information systems in business  Introduction to system development process  Role of Systems Analyst  Role of Accountants in system planning 1-2  Introduction Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, deliver quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions. Information technology can mean the difference between success and failure 1-3  The Impact of Information Technology Information Technology (IT) Combination of hardware and software products and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information The Future of IT Will see robust growth for at least a decade The greatest need will be for systems analysts, network administrators, data communications analysts, and software engineers 1-4  The Impact of Information Technology Who develops Information Systems? In-house applications Software packages Internet-based application services Outsourcing Custom solutions Enterprise-wide software strategies How versus What 1-5  The Impact of Information Technology ://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2019/09/22/coding-in-national-schools 1-6 formation systems – a definitio An arrangement of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information. 1-7 Information System Components 1-8  Information System Components A system is a set of related components that produces specific results A Mission-critical system is one that is vital to a company’s operations Data consists of basic facts that are the system’s raw material Information is data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users Information systems have five key components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people 1-9 0 Information System Components Hardware Is the physical layer of the information system Moore’s Law Software System software Application software Enterprise applications s://www.jumpstartmag.com/meet-the-worlds-top-10-most-powerful-supercompu 1 - 10 Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/276623/number-of-apps- available-in-leading-app-stores/ 1 - 11 2 Information System Components Software Horizontal system Vertical system Legacy systems Data Tables store data By linking the tables, the system can extract specific information 1 - 12 3 Information System Components Processes Describe the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results People Stakeholders Users, or end users 1 - 13  Information Systems In short, Information systems Is Systems that use information technology to capture transmit store retrieve manipulate display information used in one or more business processes 1 - 14  Information Systems Information systems (IS) is a system that provides information for decision maker to make decision. IS can be manual based systems or computer based In this unit, we are focusing on the Computer-based information systems Instead of Manual based information systems 1 - 15  Understanding The Business Business profile Overview of a company’s mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction Business process Specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented Business process model (BPM) Business process modeling notation (BPMN) 16 1 - 16  Understanding The Business New Kinds of Companies Production-oriented Service-oriented Internet-dependent Dot-com (.com) Brick-and-mortar 17 1 - 17  Impact of the Internet E-Commerce or I-Commerce B2C (Business-to-Consumer) B2B (Business-to-Business) 18 1 - 18 Impact of the Internet Web-Based System Development WebSphere.NET Web services Internet-based systems involve various hardware and software designs 19 1 - 19  How Business Uses Information Systems In the past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served Office systems Operational systems Decision support systems Executive information systems 20 1 - 20 Information System Users and Their Needs 21 1 - 21  How Business Uses Information Systems Enterprise computing systems – Support company- wide operations and data management requirements – Enterprise resource planning (ERP) – Many hardware and software vendors target the enterprise computing market 22 1 - 22  How Business Uses Information Systems Transaction processing systems Involve large amounts of data and are mission-critical systems Efficient because they process a set of transaction-related commands as a group rather than individually 23 1 - 23  How Business Uses Information Systems Business support systems Provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company Management information systems (MIS) Radio frequency identification (RFID) What-if 24 1 - 24  How Business Uses Information Systems Knowledge management systems Called expert systems Simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules Many knowledge management systems use a technique called fuzzy logic 25 1 - 25  How Business Uses Information Systems User productivity systems Technology that improves productivity Groupware Digital assistants Combinations of knowledge management systems and user productivity systems Information systems integration Most large companies require systems that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features 26 1 - 26  Systems Development Tools Modeling Business model Requirements model Data model Object model Network model Process model 27 1 - 27  Systems Development Tools Prototyping Prototype Speeds up the development process significantly Important decisions might be made too early, before business or IT issues are thoroughly understood Can be an extremely valuable tool 28 1 - 28  Systems Development Tools Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools Also called computer-aided software engineering CASE tools Can generate program code, which speeds the implementation process 29 1 - 29  Overview of Systems Development Methods Structured Analysis Systems development life cycle (SDLC) Predictive approach Uses a set of process models to describe a system graphically Process-centered technique Waterfall model 30 1 - 30  Overview of Systems Development Methods Structured Analysis Deliverable or end product Disadvantage in the built-in structure of the SDLC, because the waterfall model does not emphasize interactivity among the phases This criticism can be valid if the SDLC phases are followed too rigidly Adjacent phases usually interact 31 1 - 31  Overview of Systems Development Methods Structured Analysis The SDLC model usually includes five steps Systems planning Must follow these 5 steps in exam! Systems analysis Systems design Systems implementation Systems support and security 32 1 - 32  Overview of Systems Development Methods Object-Oriented Analysis A message requests specific behavior or information from another object Usually follow a series of analysis and design phases that are similar to the SDLC Interactive model 33 1 - 33  Overview of Systems Development Methods Object-oriented Analysis – Combines data & processes that act on the data into things called objects – Object is a member of a class – Objects possess properties – Methods change an object’s properties 1 - 34  Overview of Systems Development Methods Agile Methods Build a series of prototypes and constantly adjusts them to user requirements Spiral model 35 1 - 35  Overview of Systems Development Methods Other Development Methods Joint application development (JAD) Rapid application development (RAD) Might encounter other systems development techniques Rational Unified Process (RUP®) Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF) 36 1 - 36  The Role of Systems Analysis and Design Systems Analysis and Design Step-by-step process for developing high- quality information systems Systems Analyst Plan, develop, and maintain information systems 1 - 37 Systems Analyst’s Qualities and Skills The systems analyst requires many different skills during the SDLC. Some of these are: Interpersonal skills - to communicate effectively, facilitate groups, work in teams, manage expectations and change, deal with organisation politics Analytical skills - to identify problems and determine solutions.. must have business knowledge Technical skills and knowledge - to understand the potential and limitations 1of- 38  Accounting Information Systems Is an information system As defined by FASB in Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No.2 Objective is to provide information useful to decision makers Including information identification, development, measurement, and communication process Accounting profession Public accounting – Auditing Private industry Management consulting 1 - 39  Future of Accountancy MIA Digital Technology Blueprint: Preparing the Malaysian Accountancy Profession for the Digital World (2018) 1 - 40 Future of Accountancy 1 - 41 1 - 42  Acknowledgements This PowerPoint presentation contains materials complied from various sources. Credits are hereby given to their respective owners. Please refer to the reading list for details. Reminder The lecture slides serve only as a quick learning guide. Students are required to refer to the main textbook for detailed elaboration. 1 - 43