Lecture_9_Role_of_Health_Behavior_Change_in_Reducing_Health_Problems.pptx

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 9 Role of Health Behavior Change in Reducing Health Problems (A) Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh By the end of this lecture the students will be...

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 9 Role of Health Behavior Change in Reducing Health Problems (A) Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Identify the various roles of health behavior change in reducing the health problems Contents of the Lecture Health Behavior Health Problems Role of Health Behavior Change The Role of Health Behavior Change • The role of health behavior change in reducing A Primary prevention→ the health problems is B Secondary Prevention→ including the three levels prevention: of C Tertiary prevention → Primary Prevention • It aims at keeping a disease from ever beginning. • For example, helping children and youth never to start using tobacco (and adults to stop smoking). • Avoiding or limiting use of alcohol is another lifestyle choice that promotes health in many ways. • Increasing regular, moderate physical exercise. • Maintaining proper appropriate eating patterns. Secondary Prevention • It is used to protect health of the Individuals by detection of the diseases at an early stage (there are no symptoms). • Screening programs are prime examples of secondary prevention efforts, providing that persons who screen positive for a disease or condition receive prompt and effective intervention. Screening includes the followings diseases: 1 Hypertension 2 Diabetes mellitus, adult type 2 3 Anemia 4 Cervical cancer 5 7 Lipid disorders Colorectal cancer for Adults 50 years and older 6 8 Breast cancer Women age 40 and older Osteoporosis Tertiary Prevention • Tertiary prevention takes place after a disease or injury has occurred. • It aims to: • Prevent deterioration and complications from a disease or injury. • Rehabilitate and return the patient to as full physical, mental, and social function as possible. Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels • The role of Health behavior change is to reduce the risk factors by: 1. Encourage people to never starting tobacco smoking and stopping once started. 2. Protect families and workers from second-hand smoke. 3. Making clean air a community priority (just like clean water to drink). 4. Receive treatment properly. 5. Maintain a normal weight according to BMI. Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels cont. • The role of Health behavior change is to reduce the risk factors by: 6. Reduce sodium intake to reduce high blood pressure. 7. Reduce or stop drinking alcohol. 8. Increase the level of daily physical activity. 9. Try to avoid the environmental stressors. 10. Practice relaxation exercises daily. Digestive System Cancers The role of Health behavior change: • Encourage vegetables, people to eat salads, and fruits every day. • Include foods that containing antioxidants (vitamin C, E, A) in their food. Liver Cancer The role of Health behavior change: 1. Encourage people to take the Vaccination against hepatitis B. 2. Improve good hygiene to reduce perinatal and person-to-person contact with body fluids and blood products that may carry the hepatitis B virus. 3. Prevent unsafe sex. 4. Reduce intravenous drug use, especially sharing or reusing needles in addiction. Cancers of the Trachea, Bronchus, & Lung The role of Health behavior change: • Try to breath in the cleanest air area as possible. • Avoid tobacco smoke. • Encourage healthy dietary habits (taking vegetables and fruits). Prevention of Breast cancer • The role of Health behavior change is to encourage women to do: Breast self-examination. Doing a mammography. Definition of Health Behaviour • It is an action taken by a person to maintain, attain, or regain good health and to prevent illness. Definition of Health Problem • It is a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain. Health Behaviors Impact • Health behaviors affect the individuals' quality of life, by delaying the onset of chronic disease and extending active lifespan. • Changing of such behaviors will lead to improved health. • Health Behaviors increase the physical activity, changes in nutrition and reductions in tobacco, alcohol and drug use as important for health promotion and disease prevention. Common Health Behavioral Problems • Smoking: It closely linked with long-term negative health outcomes. • It increase the morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease. • It is linked to number of cancers, lung, throat, stomach and bowel. • It causes a reduced lung capacity and bronchitis. Poor Diet • In developing countries, the problems is under-nutrition. • In developed countries, the problems are linked to over in Western industrialized countries consumption of food. • Excessive fat consumption and insufficient consumption of fiber, fruit and vegetable. Poor Diet • In addition, excess consumption of calories combined with insufficient exercise has made obesity a major health problem. • Diet has been implicated in strokes, high blood pressure, cancer, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, and dental disease. Alcohol Use • High alcohol may lead to consumption high blood pressure, heart disease and cirrhosis of the liver. • It also accidents, associated injuries, with suicides, crime, domestic violence and rape. Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity • Coronary Heart Disease: • Increase body mass index leads to increase risk for (CHD). • CHD is a condition in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. • These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity • Plaque can narrow or block the coronary arteries. • This can cause Angina = (Angina is chest pain or discomfort). • Obesity also can lead to heart failure. • Heart failure = It is a serious condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to the body. High Blood Pressure • Overweight or obese increase the chances of High blood pressure. • Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. • If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the organ of the body (Kidney, eye, heart, blood vessels, and brain). Stroke • Overweight and obese can lead to a buildup of plaque in the arteries (heart, brain or leg). • Eventually, plaque can cause a stroke. The risk of having a stroke rises as BMI increases. Type 2 Diabetes • Overweight or obese are risk factors in Diabetes. • the blood glucose level is very high. • Diabetes is a leading cause of early death, CHD, stroke, kidney disease, and blindness. • Most people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. High Cholesterol Levels • In overweight and obesity there is increased risk of having abnormal levels of blood fats and high level of cholesterol. • High Cholesterol Levels are a risk factor for CHD. Cancer Overweight and obesity increase the risk endometrial, cancers. for colon, and breast, gallbladder Osteoarthritis • Osteoarthritis is a common joint problem of the knees, hips, and lower back. • The condition occurs if there is a destruction of the tissue that protects these joints. • The destruction can be caused by extra weight (overweight). Sleep Apnea • Sleep apnea is a common disorder in which the patient has one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while he sleeps. • It caused by excessive fat stored around the neck. • This can narrow the airway, making it hard to breathe. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) • It is also a breathing disorder that affects some obese people. • In OHS, poor breathing results in too much carbon dioxide (hypoventilation) and too little oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia). • OHS can lead to serious health problems and death. Reproductive Problems • Obesity can cause menstrual issues and infertility in women. Overweight in Children • Overweight and obesity also increase the health risks for Type 2 diabetes. • They are more likely to become overweight or obese as adults, with the same disease risks. Health Problems Related to Stress • Heart disease: The stressed, has a higher risk of high blood pressure and heart problems. • Diabetes: Stress can worsen diabetes in two ways. First, it increases the likelihood of bad behaviors, such as unhealthy eating and excessive drinking. second: stress raise the glucose levels of people with type 2 diabetes. Health Problems Related to Stress • Headaches. • Depression and anxiety. • Gastrointestinal problems: heartburn and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) • Asthma. • Obesity. *************** Thank U