Lecture 9 - Challenges of Population Growth and Migration copy.pptx

Challenges of Population Growth and Migration POLS 2401: Global Issues Fall 2023 Georgia State University Prospective on Population Growth: The Basics • Malthusian View • Thomas Malthus • Population growth is exponential, while food supply is linear • Neo-Malthusians • Population growth leads to r...

Challenges of Population Growth and Migration POLS 2401: Global Issues Fall 2023 Georgia State University Prospective on Population Growth: The Basics • Malthusian View • Thomas Malthus • Population growth is exponential, while food supply is linear • Neo-Malthusians • Population growth leads to resource depletion Prospective on Population Growth: The Basics • Cornucopian View: • Technological advancements will solve any problems the world develops because of population growth Prospective on Population Growth: The Basics • Structural Dimensions: • As social and economic views change, so does the society’s view on birth rates leading to changes in population growth. • Examples: • Europe • The United States Population Growth: Theories • Demographic Transition Model • “…as societies undergo industrialization and urbanization, death rates will fall, followed by a lag of declining fertility, during which population growth continues to occur until norms and values shift from large-family to small-family ideals…” • Drastic difference between developed and developing countries • Note: Here the focus is on industrialization and economic change. Changes in the economy lead to changes in the population, either increasing or decreasing the birthrates. • Examples: Italy and Japan are post-industrial countries which are currently seeing a population decline closely linked to economic changes. Stages of the Demographic Transition Model • Demographic Transition Model: • 1. Birth and death rates are high • 2. High birth rates and low death rates • 3. Birth rates slow down and death rates drop • 4. Birth and death rates are low Population Growth: Theories • Second Demographic Transition Model • As a society's values change, so does their population growth rate • Note: Here the key is that social values and norms change. When these values and norms change, so do people’s views on family causing a shift in the population. • Example: the United States and millennials Changes in Population: Causes Population usually change because of: Ideally, state wants a stable replacement fertility 1. Fertility 2.1 children per woman 2. Mortality 3. Migration Showing Changes in Population • Population Pyramid • Graphic illustration showing a society's age and sex distribution Population Pyramids Population Pyramids The Movement of People Migration Permanent or long-term population movements from one location to another Internal vs. Migration occurs in and outside External of states Internal Migration • Rural to Urban • Mega cities – cities with populations over 10 million • Implications: • Housing crisis • Political unrest • Economic fears International Migration Traditionally: Currently: Movements from the Global South to the Global North More diverse movements from global north to south Diverse populations of migrants in terms of gender and race/ethnicity Emigration vs. Immigration Emigration Immigration Moving out of a country and settling into another country Moving in a country as a permanent or long-term settler