Optometry II Lecture Notes (February 3, 2025) PDF

OPTOMETRY II Near Targets & Refractive Error Classifications February 3, 2025 maqqqjdmfat.fm Today’s objectives State the purpose for each card on the near roto-chart. except 1 Determine cylinder axis using the sunburst dial Name causes of path...

OPTOMETRY II Near Targets & Refractive Error Classifications February 3, 2025 maqqqjdmfat.fm Today’s objectives State the purpose for each card on the near roto-chart. except 1 Determine cylinder axis using the sunburst dial Name causes of pathological hyperopia Define the components of hyperopia Describe different types of myopia 1  Near Targets Near Targets: Chart #1 20 60 to 20/20) Reading chart ( _____ NOT an accurate measure of visual acuity ______ Reading speed slows as threshold size is approached nottrueacuitycaud words family Ta I Iiiic 2  Att to2020 2450 p Near Targets: Chart #2 Reduced Snellen (20/50 to 20/20) Use: Measure near acuity Iannotread Near Targets: Chart #3 Cross cylinder grid Use: Fused cross cylinder (FCC) test for near add determination aka binocular cross cylinder (BCC) Measures accuracy of accommodation Not useful/reliable on non-presbyopes set arcingastigmatism frontone yet Will cover in Lecture 16 - Presbyopia man when gain accurate 3 Near Targets: Chart #4 Horizontal line of words Use: _____________________________________ vertical vergence amplitudes hear zeroslined uphorizontally break retovery only Near Targets: Chart #5 Single row of 20/20 letters Use: ________________________ NRA PRA until addingplus pt iiiliarstakeout NRA overminusing 3 file's Will cover more in Lecture 16 - Presbyopia 4  Near Targets: Chart #6 Sunburst dial Use: Determination of cylinder axis aredetermintain sunburst ans ofcylinder Interval of Sturm steeper macula cylaxisof180 meridian steepervertical vertii.ie Iii 5  FEET WTR _______ ATR _______ counterinton ATR t.it togen coming I blurry looks sweet biorner r looks Iiiieii n iI i i t.fi i it is Sunburst Dial Patient sees these x 130 lines “clearest” 6 Clock Dial *not included on the roto chart 300increment Clock Dial Example You: Tell me the numbers by the lines that appear 7 darker, thinner or clearer. 300 Patient: 2 and 8 seem darkest. 2 is the lesser number 2 x 30 = 60 Therefore, cylinder is x 060 eyeaxis Ilestterer 7 Near Targets: Chart #7 Reading chart (20/200 to 20/80) Near Targets: Chart #8 Reduced Snellen (20/200 to 20/60) Use: Visual acuity 8 Near Targets: Chart #9 Reduced Snellen (20/200 to 20/20) Use: Visual acuity Not accurate optotypedifffont size Near Targets: Chart #10 Vertical column of words viii raise Use: _______________________________________ zeros 9 Near Targets: Chart #11 7-line block of 20/20 letters Uses: ___________________________ Horizontalphonia measuring AC Aratio ___________________________ initiinfts itn.mn ___________________________ verticalphovia onacar headlights EXAM firsttarget Near Targets: Chart #12 Trifocal chart Use: 10  Refractive Error Classifications Refractive Status Classifications Emmetropia – incident parallel rays of light are imaged on the retina with accommodation at rest Ametropia – incident parallel rays of light are imaged either in front or behind the retina with accommodation at rest 11  Hypermetropia (Hyperopia) The image is formed behind the retina with accommodation at rest Simple hyperopia – hyperopia produced by the normal emmetropic biological variation of the refractive components of the eye unyperopic umbopic Pathological hyperopia – hyperopia resulting from abnormal conditions of the eye Examples: Microphthalmos MAE niiii Aphakia cnn.ns.ms isniii.ie Ectopia lentis income.tn imsmaneiii.it martansyndrome sdhhfy.mn Hypermetropia (Hyperopia) Low hyperopia: ≤ +2.00 D Moderate hyperopia: +2.25 to +5.00 D High hyperopia: > +5.00 D donamem iiit.it 4ouDuncouratintamblyopm 12  Hypermetropia (Hyperopia) sina.me Absolute hyperopia – the portion of hyperopia that cannot howmuchyouhave intestines zono be compensated for by accommodation tosee2020 munplustosee Manifest hyperopia – the portion of total hyperopia siineasimtetaurect.in measured by the relaxation of accommodation during dry willingtoacunt refraction L Total hyperopia – the hyperopia that results when the ciliary titi.im it i muscle is completely relaxed (wet refraction) i Manifest + latent hyperopia damp not ptosipaoantmstimeonninelusinguntilniutf accomodutmab.mg it iiiii.in Latent hyperopia – the portion of total hyperopia compensated for by accommodation homiminitism G.nammamnmga as c.mn Ei Example eyestrain 28 year old female with asthenopia has entering acuity of 20/50 F +1.00 DS improves vision to 20/20 ptpossingaccmmtosetnevetooff.ie toseez.io minimum absolutehyperopia absolute Takes additional +1.50 DS in dry refraction manifest retraction tito to maintain 20/20 2.50sina.no Requires +3.50 DS to see 20/20 with wet refraction totalhyperopia dips etcamitaaimamiiiinst.it i.int Cycloplegia revealed that there was +1.00 D of… latenthyperopia 1.00 13 Myopia The image is formed in front of the retina with accommodation at rest Night myopia – myopia (or an increase in myopia) occurring in low levels of illumination PY ttitute seigntmyoricsnifttrtxnsmitit.to e Empty space myopia – myopia (or an increase in myopia) ii spt neva occurring in the absence of optical stimuli to accommodation finite.siEngsiyeyinteustormwniteeverswm atiiiiatn.li Pseudomyopia – the refractive condition of myopia attributable to spasm of the ciliary muscle or incomplete relaxation of accommodation Ensureaccommodatetoo much manic human iiiiii iiii is si II itiiix Myopia i Low myopia: < -1.50 D Moderate myopia: -1.50 D to -6.00 D High myopia: > -6.00 D or more doNonemonze 14  degen Istalkftheeye nits poster torae Myopia Congenital myopia – presents throughout infancy and is present upon entering school attersnarrative Pathological (degenerative) myopia – axial length elongation that causes structural changes in internal structures; associated with pathology including Retinal tears, detachment and lesions Chorioretinal atrophy Cataracts Glaucoma octmaculanote Posterior staphyloma Macular hole Self-check Can you state the purpose for each card on the near roto- chart? Can you determine cylinder axis using the sunburst dial? Can you name causes of pathological hyperopia? Can you define the components of hyperopia? Can you describe the different types of myopia? 15 NRA t divesen PRA convene funnelconvyad binocularsubjectieendpoint single 2020eine THEN contity to2015 cobaltbe 201515 Asunbursted do not memorise for newand