Lecture 7 Behavioral Factors Affecting Health.pptx

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 7 Behavioral Factors Affecting Health Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Discuss and analys...

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 7 Behavioral Factors Affecting Health Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Discuss and analyse behavioural factors that influence some selected diseases. Contents of the Lecture Behavioral Risk Factors Stress, Health and Disease Disease Screening Practices Behavioral Risk Factors • Several behaviors factors that strongly influence the health. Behavioral Risk Factors • Several behaviors factors that strongly influence the health: Tobacco use Alcohol consumption Physical activity Diet Sexual practices Disease screening Stress Tobacco Use • Cigarette-smoking is the major cause of preventable mortality and morbidity. • Tobacco-related diseases account for more 400,000 deaths among adults in the USA each year. • In KSA, 12.5 – 17.5 % of total population. than Tobacco Use • It leads to: An increased risk of the heart disease. Cancer (lung, larynx, esophagus, pharynx, mouth, and bladder, pancreas, kidney, and cervix). Adverse pregnancy outcomes. Lung diseases (chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Tobacco Use • It leads to: Pregnancy complications include:  Bleeding during pregnancy.  Premature delivery.  Abortions and low birth weight. Tobacco Use •Exposure to Second-hand Smoke •It has serious health consequences: Cause cancer. Lower respiratory tract infections in children. Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet Obesity • It is the second leading factor contributing to mortality in the USA, after tobacco use. • Physically active people have lower mortality than people who are inactive. • A sedentary lifestyle has been linked to 23% of deaths from major chronic diseases. Dietary Factors • They are associated with 4 of the 10 leading causes of death including: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Coronary heart disease. Some forms of cancer. Stroke. Dietary Factors Food purchased from restaurants, fast-food outlets, school cafeterias, generally is higher in: • Saturated fat. • Cholesterol. • Sodium. And it is lower in fiber. • Lower in calcium. Adverse Effect of Obesity •It is a major health risk for diabetes. •Increase risk for hypertension. •Increase risk for coronary heart disease. •Increase risk for cancer. •Can cause Gallbladder disease. •Can cause Osteoarthritis. •Can cause Sleep apnea. •Can cause Respiratory problems. •Can cause Musculoskeletal problems. Alcohol Consumption • Alcohol causes a wide variety of injuries and deaths. • Long-term excessive drinking increases risk of: • High blood pressure. • Irregularities of heart rhythm (i.e., arrhythmias). • Disorders of the heart muscle (i.e., cardiomyopathy). • Stroke. • Heavy and chronic alcohol consumption is a cause of poor pregnancy outcomes. Alcohol Consumption •It can lead to developing cancer of: The esophagus. Mouth. Throat. Colon and rectum. breast cancer in women. Sexual Practices • They are behavior-linked diseases. • It increases the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted disease and unwanted pregnancy. • HIV is a leading cause of death. Sexually Transmitted Infections HIV Human papilloma virus cervical cancer Hepatitis B and C viruses Gonorrhea Chlamydia Genital herpes Hepatocellular carcinoma Stress, Health and Disease • Stress causes a diversity of physiological effects that can enhance resistance to disease or promote the disease. • The stress response is a rapid and prepares the person to “fight or flight”. Diseases Linked to Stress Cardiovascul ar diseases Obesity Hyperten sion Disease Screening Practices • Screening asymptomatic persons to detect preclinical disease has become an important part of public health. • Early Screening of the diseases reduces morbidity and mortality. Common Screening for Diseases Screening for Hypertensi on and High Blood Cholesterol Blood sampl e Common Screening for Diseases Cervical Cancer Pap smear Common Screening for Diseases Colorectal Cancer Fecal occult blood test + Flexible Sigmoidosc opy Common Screening for Diseases Prostate Cancer (PSA) = Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test Common Screening for Diseases Breast Cancer Selfexamination + Mammography X Ray Common Screening for Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases Blood Sample Questions? Comments? References Health and Behavior. Health and Behavior: The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences Committee on Health and Behavior: Policy, Board Research, on Behavioral Health. Practice Neuroscience and and