International Patient Safety Goals Lecture PDF

International patient safety Goals  Goal One Identify patients correctly. Goal Two Improve effective communication. Goal Three Improve the safety of high-alert medicat...

International patient safety Goals  Goal One Identify patients correctly. Goal Two Improve effective communication. Goal Three Improve the safety of high-alert medications. Goal Four Ensure safe surgery. Goal Five Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections. Goal Six Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls.  1. Identify Patients Correctly To deliver high-quality, cost-effective healthcare. Medical mistakes are the second largest cause of mortality in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. so, identify patients correctly and make sure that all patients are treated with the best care possible. By making sure that doctors give patients the right diagnosis or treatment plan for their ailment-whether it is a complicated or simple illness.  How to identify patient correctly according to IPSG 1? a) Using two patient identification factors, but without including the room or location of the patient in the complete Medical facility. b) Complete patient name c) MR Number d) Preventative measures should be taken to ensure that the following information is accurate before administering any medicines, withdrawing blood, or collecting other samples for clinical purposes.  Improve Effective Communication it focuses on implementing essential changes in healthcare practices it is critical for Healthcare Quality Improvement and its main objective is to identify failures of improved communications and implement improvements to meet the standards set by the JCI Accreditation. it is aim to reduce medical errors that are caused by ineffective communication between patients and their providers. How to improve effective communications to meet the standards of JCI Accreditation? Telephone order a) When a physician is not present in the office, orders are taken over the phone to the nursing station. b) Telephone orders are only accepted at the nursing station if the patient care action is required immediately or immediately after the call. c) The telephone is not an acceptable option for placing routine orders. Orders for the following medicines cannot be made or received over the phone. Hazardous Medications TPN(Total parenteral nutrition) Narcotics or Controlled items  Cont.… Verbal order a) When a verbal order is received, the physician is on-site but is preoccupied with emergency situations such as Code Blue or is engaged in a sterile operation, the physician is considered unavailable. b) Verbal instructions are only to be used in emergency circumstances. c) Verbal instructions for narcotics or restricted medications from the treating physician are only acceptable in emergency circumstances. d) All telephone orders and verbal orders must be signed, timed, and dated by all nurses and physicians who are involved in the procedure. Reporting of critical results a) When a call from the lab for a critical result is received, the nursing staff must record the critical result and promptly validate the result in the Hospital Information System. b) If the nursing staff is unable to reach the on-call physician, the nursing staff must follow the escalation procedure.  ISBAR This technique should be used in every communication between the staff. Identify, yourself and the patient Situation, what is the problem Background, information to contextualize the problem Assessment, your clinical assessment and prediction Recommendation, what you think should happen  Improve the safety of high-Alert Medications ✓ is intended to improve patient safety while administering high-alert medicines across the world. ✓ These medications are classified as very high-risk and include some antibiotics, anticoagulants, cardiac medications, chemotherapeutic agents and others. ✓ The IPSG’s objective is to increase the safety of these medications by making critical improvements in healthcare practices. ✓ This IPSG was developed by the JCI as an extension to the WHO Essential Medicines List (EML).  High Alert Medications – Look alike – Sound alike (HAM) : are distinguished by a red sticker with the words “High alert,” which indicates that they are medications that look and sound similar (LASA), Concentrated electrolytes are kept in lockable cabinets that are kept apart from other medications and onlyaccessible in emergency situations. LASA (Look Alike Sound Alike medicines) category, pharmaceutical names that sound similar to another medication are designated as sound-alike medications, and medication names whose packaging is aesthetically similar to another medication are designated as look-alike medications. A sound-alike drug is one for which the generic or commercial name of the medication sounds similar in both spoken and written language. Thus, they have a greater risk of making a medication-related mistake.  Guideline High Alert Medications – Look alike – Sound alike ▪ Look-alike medicines should be kept apart from their paired counterparts. ▪ When at all possible, avoid keeping the medications in close proximity to one another to prevent mistakes. ▪ Additional warning labels should be used for medications that seem to be the same. ▪ To make identification easier, warning labels should be consistent across the facility in which they are displayed.  4. Ensure correct Site, Correct Procedure, Correct Patient Surgery it requires an organization to review and ensure that procedures are written for patients with different needs such as age, weight, height, and other factors that may affect surgery. These procedures should be reviewed for accuracy before each surgery is performed. How does IPSG 4 come into play? a) The use of an immediately recognizable mark for surgical site identification, as well as the participation of the patient in the marking procedure, also patient identification. b) Using a checklist or other method to ensure that the right location, technique, and patient are selected prior to surgery, as well as ensuring all necessary papers and equipment are available, accurate, and in working order before surgery. c) Just before to beginning a surgical operation, the whole surgical team performs and records a time-out process, which is then followed by the surgery. d) Polices and procedures are being established to support a consistent approach in order to guarantee that patients get the proper location, technique, and patient identification. This includes medical and dental treatments performed in settings other than the operating room.  Reduce Risk of Health Care-Associated Infections When it comes to healthcare, patient safety is the most important aspect to consider. Implementing essential changes in healthcare practices can bring about quality improvement and reduce the risk of health care-associates infections. How to reduce risk of healthcare-associated infections? The application of good hygiene by the health care worker may help to avoid infection in the medical facility. According to the World Health Organization, alcohol-based hand rub is the preferred method of hand hygiene.  Reduce the Risk of Patient Harm resulting from Fall ❖ Falls are the most common safety event associated with patient harm. ❖ Falls are one of the leading causes of accidental deaths in many parts of the world. There are two major types of falls 1. Near Fall – sudden loss of balance that does not result in a fall or other injury. This can include an instance where person slips, stumbles or trips is able to regain control prior to falling. 2. Unwitnessed Fall – the patient is found on the floor and neither the patient-nurse nor anyone else knows how he/ she got there.  How to reduce patient falls? a) All hospitalized patients are evaluated for their risk of falling on admission, transfer, after a change in condition, and/or following a fall using the Modified Morse fall risk assessment instrument, which has been approved by the JCI. b) Initial assessment of patients for Fall Risk c) Performing the first Fall Risk Assessment and filling out the Fall Risk Assessment Tool are the responsibility of the admitting nursing staff. d) Fall Risk Reassessment of patients shall be done during the transfer from one unit to another within the facility, following any change of status or condition, following a fall episode and following administration of medications prescribed or drug interaction increases the likelihood of risks for falls