Introduction to Computer Science Lecture 5 PDF

Introduction to Computer Science Lecture 5 Prepared by/ mosa elkhedr y  Licensing Models  Software can also be categorized based on its licensing model, which determines how it can be used and distributed:  Proprietary Software:...

Introduction to Computer Science Lecture 5 Prepared by/ mosa elkhedr y  Licensing Models  Software can also be categorized based on its licensing model, which determines how it can be used and distributed:  Proprietary Software: Software that is owned by an individual or a company and is subject to licensing restrictions.  Users must purchase a license to use it  Example: Microsoft Windows.  Open-Source Software: Software that is freely available for use, modification, and distribution.  The source code is accessible to users  Example: Linux.  Freeware: Software that is available for free but may have limitations or ads.  The source code is usually not available  Example: Adobe Acrobat Reader.  Computer Classifications 3  Computers can be classified into four main categories based on their capabilities, use and size.  Classification by handling capabilities 4  Computers can also be classified according to how they are designed to operate, or according to their methods of operation.  Therefore, the three broad categories include  Analog  Digital  Hybrid computers.  Analog computers 5  Analog computers As the name suggests, these types of computers are primarily designed to process and analyze analog data that can be measured.  digital data is not processed, but instead, the data is represented by a physical quantity, such as distance, pressure, temperature, speed, or length.  Examples of analog computers include speedometers.  Digital computers 6  Digital computers These types of computers are designed to work on digital data that is presented in the form of binary numbers (0 and 1).  Therefore, any input is typically converted to binary language to enable the computer to process the data to produce information.  Examples of digital computers include most forms of personal computers, laptops, mobile phones, and tablets.  Hybrid computers 7  A hybrid computer is a combination of analog and digital computer.  Classification by use 8  General-purpose computers are designed to perform a variety of tasks and can be used by a wide range of users.  These include most personal computers (PCs), desktop computers, laptops, and tablets.  Special-purpose computers are designed for a specific task or set of tasks and cannot perform general-purpose tasks.  These include robotic vacuum cleaners, and washing machines.  Classification by size 9  Computers can classified according to size to 5 types:  Minicomputer  Microcomputer  Mainframe  Workstation  Supercomputer  Classification by size 10  Microcomputers are the smallest and most common type of computer.  They are primarily used for personal use.  Examples include desktop computers, personal computers (PCs), laptops, and tablets.  They are suitable for a variety of tasks and uses, such as word processing, web browsing, streaming media, and gaming.  Workstation 11  Workstation computers are single-user computer that are specifically programmed for engineering applications, software development.  They feature advanced graphics, large amounts of random access memory, and high-end graphical user interface (GUls).  Minicomputers 12  Minicomputers are medium-sized computers that are larger than microcomputers but smaller than mainframes.  They also use multiprocessing systems and can accommodate from 5 to 300 people.  Minicomputers can process data from multiple sources while dealing with large amounts of information.  Minicomputer applications include networking, image processing, and software development.  Mainframe 13  Mainframe computers are large and powerful machines that are used primarily in data centers for large organizations.  They are typically found in a dedicated server room and feature multiple central processing units (CPUs).  Mainframe computers can access by multiple users simultaneously.  They are capable of processing massive amounts of data (up to 30 billion transactions per day) quickly and accurately.  Mainframe computers have been upgraded to levels of security, scalability, and reliability, making them ideal for critical operations such as banking, government, or insurance.  Supercomputers 14  Supercomputers are the fastest, largest, and most expensive type of computer available.  They are composed of 10, 100, 1000, or more computers working together.  Supercomputers are designed for specialized applications that require complex calculations, such as weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and geological data analysis.  Questions  What are the categories of the software?  Compare between Data and Information?  Briefly explain the Information Processing Cycle with a drawing?  What are the components of Computer System?  Mention the hardware components with drawing?  Briefly, Describe the hardware components with drawing?  Briefly explain the components of CPU with a drawing?  What are the Major Functions of Computer System?  Briefly explain the different types of ROM?  Compare between cash memory and Ram?  Compare between different bus types?  What are the main functions of the control unit?  What are the types of the computer based on capabilities?  Compare between mainframe and supercomputer? Output devices