Lecture 5 Role of Policy in Behavior Change.pptx

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 5 Role of Policy in Behavior Change Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Identify the various...

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 5 Role of Policy in Behavior Change Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Identify the various roles of policy in behavior change. Contents of the Lecture Definition of Policy The Behavior Change Wheel Principles for Developing Interventions The Role of Policies Barriers To Public Health Policies Definition of Policy Definitions: •• ItIt is is the the decision decision made made by by the the authorities authorities that that concerning concerning interventions. interventions. The Behavior Change Wheel The Behavior Change Wheel • It composed of three level: 1. The sources of the behavior 2. Interventions functions 3. Policy categories. The Behavior Change Wheel 1- The sources of the behavior: • Opportunity: Social, Physical. • Capability: Physical, Psychological, Automatic. • Motivation: Automatic, Reflective. The Behavior Change Wheel Sources of the behavior Opportun ity Capabilit y Social Physical Physical Psycholo gical Automati c Motivatio n Automati c Reflectiv e The Behavior Change Wheel 2- Interventions functions 1 Education 2 Persuasion 3 Incrimination 4 Coercion 5 Training 6 Enablement Restrictio 7 n 8 Environmenta l restricting The Behavior Change Wheel 3- Policy categories: 1 3 5 Communicati on and marketing Fiscal measures Legislation 7 2 Guidelines 4 Regulation 6 Service provision Environmental or social planning Principles for Developing Interventions Based on Models 1. Identify the audience groups and the target behaviour. 2. Identify the relevant behavioral models. 3. Select the key influencing factors to work on. • Use these to design objectives in a draft strategy for the intervention. Principles for Developing Interventions Based on Models 4. Identify effective intervention techniques which have worked in the past on the selected influencing factors. 5. Engage the target audience for the intervention in order to understand the target behaviour and the factors influencing it from their perspective. Principles for Developing Interventions Based on Models 6. Develop a model intervention based on the learning from working with the actors. Cross-check this against appropriate policy frameworks and assessment tools. 7. Start the intervention and monitor continuously. Principles for Developing Interventions Based on Models 8. Evaluate impacts and processes. 9. Give feedback learned from the evaluation. The Role of Policies to Enable the Interventions • Seven policies are displayed in the outermost circle. • They enable particular interventions and are outlined below. 3- Policy categories 1. Communication and marketing 2. Guidelines 3. Fiscal measures 4. Regulation 5. Legislation 6. Environmental or social planning 7. Service provision The Role of Policies to Enable the Interventions 1- Communication and marketing involves using print, electronic media, telephone or broadcast media. For example: in order to achieve broad political commitment for the prevention of childhood obesity, there should be a representative of the MOH in the local council and this representative should hold appropriate documents that explain the situation. The Role of Policies to Enable the Interventions 2- Guidelines: it may involve documents that explain the practice. 3- Fiscal measures (money): involve the use of the tax system to reduce or increase the financial cost of certain activities that might affect the health problems. 4- Regulation: it involves establishing rules or principles of behavior or practice. 5- Legislation: involves making or changing laws. Laws aim The Role of Policies to Enable the Interventions 6- Environmental or social planning: It involves designing and/or controlling the physical or social environment. • An example is giving attention to the design of the organizational structure that is friendly with the environment. The Role of Policies to Enable the Interventions 7- Service provision: It involves delivering services. Examples include provision of the specific training courses for volunteers to prevent diseases. Barriers to Development and Implementation of Public Health Policies Limited resources for public health. Lack of awareness of the health problems. Public health is not a dominant policy domain. Lack of political support. Generally the health is very unattractive to invest on it. Questions? Comments?