Lecture 4 Final Lecture Notes PDF
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These lecture notes cover eating and sleeping disorders, including anorexia nervosa, narcolepsy, and insomnia. They also delve into personality disorders, such as avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and dependent personality disorders. The notes detail characteristics, symptoms, and potential treatments of each disorder, emphasizing their prevalence in young females. The notes give an overview for study in psychology.
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Eating and sleeping disorder Eating disorder Most common in young females. Anorexia nervosa: ▪ Patients with anorexia nervosa restrict their energy intake to maintain a body weight that is below a minimal level for age and sex (typically a BMI females; must be ≥ 18 years old and have history...
Eating and sleeping disorder Eating disorder Most common in young females. Anorexia nervosa: ▪ Patients with anorexia nervosa restrict their energy intake to maintain a body weight that is below a minimal level for age and sex (typically a BMI females; must be ≥ 18 years old and have history of conduct disorder before age 15. - Conduct disorder if < 18 years old. - Antisocial = sociopath. B. Borderline: - Unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, self-mutilation (cutting, burning), suicidality, sense of emptiness; females > males; splitting is a major defense mechanism. - They experience extreme mood reactivity to interpersonal stresses and frequently alternate between extremes of idealizing and devaluing others (defense mechanism of splitting). - A history of childhood trauma (physical and sexual abuse, neglect) is common in patients with BPD. Insecure attachment to the primary caregiver may underlie the unstable relationships and fears of abandonment commonly seen in the disorder. - Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for BPD, with the best evidence for dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). DBT is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy developed specifically for BPD. It integrates techniques of emotion regulation and principles of mindfulness and distress tolerance to target unstable moods, impulsivity. and suicidality. Pharmacological treatments do not treat the core pathology of BPD and are used adjunctively. C. Histrionic: - Excessive emotionality and excitability, attention seeking, sexually provocative, overly concerned with appearance. D. Narcissistic: - Grandiosity, sense of entitlement; lacks empathy and requires excessive admiration; often demands the “best” and reacts to criticism with rage. Cluster C personality disorders : ▪ Anxious or fearful; genetic association with anxiety disorders. ▪ “Worried” (Cowardly, Compulsive, Clingy). A. Avoidant: - Hypersensitive to rejection, socially inhibited, timid, feelings of inadequacy, desires relationships with others (vs schizoid). - Patients with avoidant personality disorder typically have very limited social relationships due to fears of being judged, embarrassed, or rejected. They struggle with feelings of inadequacy and pursue relationships only when they feel assured of uncritical acceptance. Occupational dysfunction due to difficulties interacting with coworkers or turning down promotions due to fear of criticism is common. B. Obsessive-compulsive: - Preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control; ego-syntonic: behavior consistent with one’s own beliefs and attitudes (vs OCD). - It is differentiated from obsessive-compulsive disorder by the lack of true obsessions and compulsions. C. Dependent: - Submissive and clingy, excessive need to be taken care of, low self-confidence. - Patients often get stuck in abusive relationships.