Organic Chemistry Lecture 3: Hybridization PDF

Faculty of Science Organic Chemistry CHE111 Lecture 3 :Hybridization Prepared by Assoc. Prof. Ahmed Ragab  Hybridization Definition: Mixing two atomic orbitals to give rise to a new type...

Faculty of Science Organic Chemistry CHE111 Lecture 3 :Hybridization Prepared by Assoc. Prof. Ahmed Ragab  Hybridization Definition: Mixing two atomic orbitals to give rise to a new type of hybridized orbitals. This intermixing usually results in the formation of hybrid orbitals having entirely different energy, shapes, etc  Summary of carbon hybridization Atoms Type of Mixed atomic Hybrid Pure Geometry Example attached to hybridizatio orbitals orbitals p orbitals one carbon n s p remaining 4 sp3 1 3 4 0 CH4 Tetrahedral 3 sp2 1 2 3 1 CH2=CH2 Trigonal planar 2 sp 1 1 2 2 HC≡CH Linear  Bond Lengths of Ethyne, Ethene, and Ethane ❑ Quiz: Could you arrange the bond lengths of C-C, C=C and C≡C bonds? Which one is the strongest?  Quiz ❑ State the type of hybridization of the carbon atoms (a-h) in the following molecule and hence the geometry about each of them. (a) sp3, tetrahedral (b) sp3, tetrahedral (h) (c) sp2, planar (g) (d) sp2, planar (a) (d) (e) (e) sp2, planar (f) (b) (f) sp3, tetrahedral (c) (g) sp, linear (h) sp, linear ❑ The σ bond of C≡C is formed through the overlap of …………. orbitals a) sp3 and sp3 b) sp and sp c) s and sp d) sp2 and sp2  How to Write Structural Formulas ❑ The molecular formula does not give information about the arrangement of atoms in the molecules. ❑ For example, the atoms in the molecular formula C2H6O can be arranged in different ways as appears in the following structural formulas: Ethanol Dimethyl ether (Structural formulas)  How to Write Structural Formulas ❑ Different representations of structural formulas for propanol ❑ Note: Atoms joined by single bonds can rotate relatively free with respect to one another. Thus, all theses structures are equivalent. Further information for reading only