Lecture 3_Cell Form Function

Cellular Form and Function Chapter 3 Membranes, proteins, transport, membrane potential, organelles Objectives Explain cell theory. Describe cell shapes and provide examples of each type. Outline major components of a cell. Describe the structure of the plasma membra...

Cellular Form and Function Chapter 3 Membranes, proteins, transport, membrane potential, organelles Objectives Explain cell theory. Describe cell shapes and provide examples of each type. Outline major components of a cell. Describe the structure of the plasma membrane, cilia, and flagella. Describe mechanisms for transporting material through cell membranes. List the main organelles of a cell and describe their structure and function. Important to study cellular form & function Structural and functional properties of organisms Understand how human body works Understanding mechanisms of disease & toxins Developing therapy and treatments Cell Theory Cell = simplest unit of life (structural and functional) Organisms are composed of cell(s) Cells come from preexisting cells Structure and function of organism due to cell activities Cells from all species exhibit biochemical similarities  All Living Cells Have Similarities All cells evolved from the same ancestral cell (~3.5-3.8 bya)! Cells follow the laws of chemistry and physics! Cells have similar basic chemistry! Cells have similar macromolecules, participating in the same types of chemical reactions! Nucleic acids (Genes) – genetic information carried in DNA molecules Proteins – are functional and structural in all cells, dictating cell appearance and behavior. Carbohydrates  Cells Vary in Appearance (form) and Size Function Shape Chemical requirements E.g., rate of ATP hydrolysis Function Nerve cell Specialized factories (hormones, glycogen, fat) Adipocy Engines that do tes mechanical work Cell Shapes and Sizes Longest: neurons (