Lecture 3 - Week 2 - The Retina 3: Parallel Pathways PDF

**[LECTURE 3 -- WEEK 2 -- THE RETINA 3: PARALLEL PATHWAYS ]** **Lecture concept:** *How is information from photoreceptors carried to downstream neurons?* **Problem 1: Monica** - Woman aged 65 - Noticed a disturbance in her vision - Water splashing in front of her left eye - 'Flickerin...

**[LECTURE 3 -- WEEK 2 -- THE RETINA 3: PARALLEL PATHWAYS ]** **Lecture concept:** *How is information from photoreceptors carried to downstream neurons?* **Problem 1: Monica** - Woman aged 65 - Noticed a disturbance in her vision - Water splashing in front of her left eye - 'Flickering lights' - Trips over her grandchildren's toys - Husband concerned about her driving - Vision 6/9, 6/12 - Good health Grade 3 Melanoma exercised 4 years ago {Lymph nodes +ve} **Why is this lady having trouble seeing?** **[PROCESSING VISUAL INFORMATION]** **[(BIPOLAR CELLS)]** - 2 different types of bipolar cells exist: - Both of which are meant to transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells - IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT THE PRESENCE OF LIGHT & GLUTAMATE ON OFF/ON BCs PRODUCE DIFFERENT OUTCOMES, WHERE GLUTAMATE PRESNECE CAN BE HYPERPOLARISING OR DFEPOLARISING DEPENDANT ON LIGHT PRESENCE. ONN BCs when light hyperpolarises it. **[GANGLION CELLS]** - Output neurons of the retina - Many different types of cells (**M ganglion cells & P ganglion cells),** they both encode different types of visual information - - Bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells - **Ganglion cells can be ON or OFF types** - **ON BCs can only synapse with ON GCs**, and the same goes for OFF BC/GC. - **Communication between BC and GCs** is done via ionotropic Rs such as NMDA, AMPA, and Kainate receptors. **[GC Function]**  **WHAT WAS WRONG WITH MONICA?**