Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence PDF

Human Development and the Family Chapter 14 Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence Department of Child Development Chapter Outline Self-Esteem and Development of Identity Parents Peers Juvenile Delinquency,...

Human Development and the Family Chapter 14 Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence Department of Child Development Chapter Outline Self-Esteem and Development of Identity Parents Peers Juvenile Delinquency, Depression, Suicide Self-esteem and Development of Identity  Self-Esteem The overall way we evaluate ourselves Gender differences in adolescents’ self-esteem – Girls’ self-esteem tends to decline – Boys’ self-esteem tends to increase Why would the self-esteem of girls decline during early adolescence? – Girls’ negative body images during pubertal change  Identity Who am I? What am I all about? What am I going to do with my life? What is different about me? How can I make it on my own? Search for an Identity  What is Identity? Vocational/Career Sexual Political Cultural/Ethnic Religious Interests Relationship Personality Achievement, Physical Intellectual  Erikson’s View Stage 5: Identity vs. Identity Confusion During this time, adolescents are faced with deciding who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life Psychological Moratorium  Identity Formation How do individual adolescents go about the process of forming an identity? Marcia(1980, 1984) Four statuses of identity based on crisis or commitment – Crisis: a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives (exploration) – Commitment: personal investment in identity Identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, identity achievement  Identity Diffusion & Foreclosure Identity Identity Diffusion Foreclosure Not yet experienced Made a a crisis or made any commitment but commitments not experienced a Undecided about crisis occupational and Parents make ideological choices decisions for Little interest in adolescence such matters  Identity Moratorium & Achievement Identity Identity Moratorium Achievement In the midst of a Undergone a crisis crisis and made a Commitments are commitment either absent or are only vaguely defined  Identity Identity + Commitment Foreclosure Achievement Identity Identity - Diffusion Moratorium 혼미 유예 - Crisis + Four Statuses of Identity (Marcia, 1980, 1984) 11  Identity Identity does not remain stable throughout life – “MAMA”: repeated cycles of moratorium to achievement Questions about identity come up throughout life  Parents Autonomy, Control, Attachment, Conflict  Autonomy Parents often have to weigh competing needs for ▪ Autonomy and control ▪ Independence and connection Adolescents’ ability to attain autonomy and gain control over their behavior is acquired through appropriate adult reactions to their desire for control Gender differences ▪ Boys are often given more independence than girls  Control Behavioral control Attempts to regulate a child’s or an adolescent’s behavior through firm but reasonable discipline and monitoring of his or her activities  Control Psychological control Attempts to regulate a child’s or an adolescent’s behavior by such psychological means as ignoring, discounting, or belittling a child’s feelings, withholding affection, or inducing shame or guilt Heavy use of psychological control can be construed as a strong intrusion on a child’s sense of self and self- worth.  Attachment Securely attached adolescents are less likely to engage in problem behaviors such as juvenile delinquency Securely attached adolescents have better peer relations Secure attachment with parents can be an asset Some adolescents from supportive families struggle Some adolescents from troubled families find a positive start with peer relations that can compensate  Parent-Adolescent Conflict Parent–adolescent conflict increases in early adolescence ▪ Conflict typically involves everyday events of family life Biological Changes Cognitive Changes Social Changes Parent-Adolescent Conflict Parents in developmental change In their forties Feeling distress vs. Adolescents in developmental change In their teens Feeling distress  Parent-Adolescent Conflict Disagreements may serve a positive developmental function ▪ Conflicts facilitate the adolescent’s transition from being dependent to becoming autonomous ▪ Positive function of conflicts?  Old and New Model Autonomy vs. Attachment Old model: autonomy, detachment from parents New model: attachment and autonomy; parents are important support systems and attachment figure Parent vs. Peers Old model: Isolated New model: Important connections  Old and New Model Parent-child conflict Old model: Intense, stressful conflict throughout adolescence autonomy; parent- adolescent relationships are filled with storm and stress, detachment from parents New model: Parent-adolescent conflict is common and can serve a positive developmental function