Dairy Microbiology Lecture 2, Term One 2024, Final PDF

Dairy Microbiology Karima Galal Abdel Hameed Professor of Milk Hygiene Head of Food Hygiene Department Lecture II Faculty of Vet. Med. SVU 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 1 ...

Dairy Microbiology Karima Galal Abdel Hameed Professor of Milk Hygiene Head of Food Hygiene Department Lecture II Faculty of Vet. Med. SVU 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 1  Microorganisms in milk Non pathogenic Pathogenic Disease Desirable Spoilage producing bacteria 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 2  Classification of milk borne illness (pathogenic) Acc. to I- Origin II- Causative Disease of human origin organisms (Epidemic) Disease of Disease of human Disease of both Disease of animal origin origin animal& human environmental (Zoonotic) origin origin (Epidemic) Bacteria & Fungal & Allergen & 21/14/2024 Viruses Karima G. Abdel Hameed Protozoa toxins 3  Animal & human Animal Milk borne Human origin diseases origin ❑ Zoonotic ❑ Raw milk ❑ Epidemic ❑ Heat treated milk Environmental 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 4  Bacterial Viral 1- Bovine tuberculosis 8- Foot & mouth disease 2- Brucellosis 9- Rabies 3- Leptospirosis 10-Cow pox 4- Listeriosis 11-Tick borne encephalitis 5- Pasteurellosis 12- Rift valley fever 6- Anthrax 7- Actinomycosis Animal origin Protozoal Rickettsial 13- Toxoplasmosis 15- Q fever 14- Amoebiasis 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 5  Bacterial diseases 1- Bovine tuberculosis Definition Chronic infectious bacterial disease due to drinking of infected raw milk Causative organism: Mycobacterium bovis Gram positive bacterium Acid fast bacilli (Ziehl-Neelsen stain) 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 6  Global T.B Facts ❑ One of the world's deadliest disease ❑ 2 million T.B deaths worldwide ❑ 1/3 of the world population are infected with T.B ❑ 9 million people around the world become sick with T.B ❑ 100% mortality if not treated. 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 7  udder Source: tuberculus mastitis Milk contamination Blood Generalized T.B Particles Human contamination Manure, saliva Ingestion Alimentary tuberculosis ▪ Unpasteurized dairy products ▪ Raw or undercooked meat Inhalation Pulmonary tuberculosis Contact lupus tuberculosis Congenital mothers to embryos 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 8  Clinical symptoms: * Milk yield Thin & green with white flakes Udder nodules Cough, respiratory signs & Emaciation Prevention and control 1- Notification of veterinary authorities 2- Eradication of infected animals after tuberculin test 3- Slaughter of positive reactors 4- Disinfection of animal houses 5- Retuberculine test 6- Vaccination of calves at 6-8 months by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine 7- Educational program 8- Separation of poultry 9- Heat treatment of milk 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 9  Tuberculin Skin Test Inject intradermally 0.1 ml PPD (purified protein derivative) Measure reaction diameter by caliper Classifying the Tuberculin Reaction Thickness Results 1-2 mm - ve 3 mm ± ve 4 mm + ve 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 10  2- Brucellosis Bang's disease, Epizootic abortion ‫وبائى‬ Definition Chronic infection that may cause recurrent or chronic fever in human due to ingestion of contaminated unpasteurized dairy products or following contact with infected animals 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 11  Causative organism: Melitensis abortus Brucella contagious Human abortion Cattle in goats contagious undulant fever abortion ‫الحمى المتموجه‬ ‫أو حمى البحر المتوسط‬ Malta fever in human ‫الحمى المالطية‬ suis Brucella suis infection 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 12 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 13 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 14 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 15  w 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 16 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 17  Source: 1- infected animals 2-Tissue & organs 3-Soil Diagnosis 4- ingestion +Ve -Ve 1. Frequent abortion in the farm 2. Abortus Bang Ring Test (ABR Test) 3. Skin allergy test (chromic Brucellosis) 4. Serological blood examination for detection of IGG&IGM Prevention and control 1- Heat treatment of milk 2- Vaccination of animals 3- Manufacture of ghee in the farm 4. Stored soft cheese in whey with 10-15% salts for 8 weeks 21/14/2024 (repining period) Karima G. Abdel Hameed 18  3- Leptospirosis Weil’s disease, Mud fever, Rice field fever, ‛‛Canicola fever Definition Sporadic bacterial disease of varying severity transmitted by contact with the urine of infected animal 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 19 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 20  Causative organism: L. hardjo L. canicola chronic Dairy worker nephritis in fever dogs L. icterohaemorrhagiae Hemorrhagic jaundice 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 21  How infection spread 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 22 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 23 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 24 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 25  Source: ingestion of infected milk Diagnosis 1. Serological test 2. Detection of motility 3. Fluorescent antibodies staining of urine culture Prevention and control 1. The organism destroy by stomach acidity 2. M.os. don't survive in milk bec. milk contains heat stable factor that inactivate & lyses the organism 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 26  4- Listeriosis Mononucleosis, Listerellosis Circling disease Definition Bacterial disease ch. by monocytes in peripheral blood in immunosuppressed patients and elders It causes fatal meningioencephalitis ‫االلتهاب السحائى‬ abortion in pregnant women 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 27  Causative organism: Listeria monocytogenes Short stout rod In culture broth 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 28 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 29 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 30 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 31  Source: 1- Infected milk (atypical mastitis ) 2- infected animal (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, placenta, amniotic fluid, feces, urine) Prevention and control Heat treatment of milk (heat sensitive ) 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 32  5- Pasteurellosis (Hemorrhagic septicemia, Shipping fever, stock yard pneumonia) Definition It is common acute bacterial wound infection due to animal bite Causative organism: Pasteurella multocida 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 33  Source: Ingestion of infected milk Infection takes two forms: a)The skin form: swelling of the head, throat & neck b)The pulmonary form: cough, nasal discharge, respiratory distress and dysentery Affect 20% of the flock & Mortality rate 95% Prevention and control Heat treatment of milk killed at 70 ْC for 15 sec. 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 34  6- Anthrax (Malignant pustules, Wool sorter’s disease, Malignant edema, Spleenic fever) ‫الجمرة الخبيثه‬ Definition Acute bacterial infection of human and animals that may be rapidly fatal Causative organism: Bacillus anthracis 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 35 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 36 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 37 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 38  Source: 1. Infected carcasses 2. Discharges of infected animals 3. Human infection direct contact, inhalation & ingestion of spores Symptoms in humans: a. Cutaneous anthrax: ulceration, fever, headach, meningitis & septicemia b. Inhalation anthrax: fulminating pneumonia c. Intestinal anthrax: acute gastroenteritis 21/14/2024 Karimawith bloody diarrhea G. Abdel Hameed 39  220px-Anthrax_-_inhalational Anthrax in Cattle Anthrax in People Inhalation anthrax Prevention and control - Prevent environmental contamination of milk (???) - Exclude milk from animals with high temperature - Heat treatment of milk - Condemnation of infected animals (burn) costic soda 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 40  Wool sorter’s disease 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 41  FAD_8135med 7- Actinomycosis Definition bacterial disease affect sub maxillary bone causing lumpy Jaw In human pus containing sulfur like granules In animals Udder infection Causative organism: Actinomyces bovis 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 42 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 43 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 44 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 45 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 46  Source: Clinically healthy animal and humans Clinical symptoms: 1- Cervicofacial form head and neck ch. by multiple sinuses discharge pus contain sulfur granules 2. Thoracic form multiple abscesses with sulfur granules due to inhalation 3. Abdominal form ingestion of discharge, multiple abscesses 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 47  Gram Stain and Macroscopic Colonies of Actinomyces NOTE: Molar tooth appearance of colonies on agar can help Cervicofacial Actinomycosis remind us that the oral cavity is a 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 48 common niche for Actinomyces.  Viral diseases 8- Foot & mouth disease (FMD) (Aphthus fever, Aphthiasis) ‫الحمى القالعيه‬ Definition Tiger heart An acute, highly infectious, notifiable viral disease of cloven-footed animals (cows, buffaloes’, sheep and goats) with very rare spread to humans Causative organism: Foot and mouth disease virus (Picornaviridae) Source: Ingestion, inhalation & secretions of infected animals (urine, feces & saliva) 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 49  Clinical symptoms: Human Fever with vesicles on lips, mouth, hands & feet Animals * Fever, anorexia ‫فقدان الشهية‬, profuse salivation& lameness * Vesicles on coronary band of the feet, mouth, tongue & lips Prevention and control - Notification of veterinary authorities - Isolation and treatment of infected animals - Heat treatment of milk - 21/14/2024 Vaccine for FMD by good quality vaccin for healthy animals Karima G. Abdel Hameed 50 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 51  9- Rabies (Hydrophobia) ‫داء الكلب‬ (Fear of water) Definition Zoonotic, highly fatal viral disease of the central nervous system affects carnivore & cattle It acquired by human from animal bites Causative organism: Rabies virus Source: Virus in saliva of infected animals & contaminate the milk 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 52  Clinical symptoms: Human Fever anxiety, insomnia, headache, restlessness, spasmodic contraction of swallowing muscle, convulsion, paralysis & death Animals 2 forms furious & paralytic form both end with death Diagnosis 1. Detection of the virus in brain by immunofluorescence 2. Isolation of the virus by intracerebral inoculation 3. Detection of Negri body in brain Prevention and control - Vaccination by diploid vaccine in human 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 53 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 54  10- Cow pox Definition Viral infection transmitted among cattle & milkers by direct contact with skin abrasions and transmitted from man to another during milking of infected udder cow pox virus Causative organism: (poxviridae) Clinical symptoms: Human Vesicles on hands and arms Painful yellow vesicles on the udder, Animals milk is thin and rich in albumin 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 55  11- Tick borne encephalitis Definition Viral disease infects goats causing biphasis meningioencephalitis Inflamtion of brain parynchyma & meninges Causative organism: Tick borne encephalitis virus Prevention and control Heat treatment of milk 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 56  12- Rift valley fever (RVF) Definition viral zoonosis affects animals & humans. Infection cause severe disease in both animals and humans & significant economic losses due to death and abortion Sheep & goats are more susceptible than cattle or camels RVF virus is a member of Causative organism: the Phlebovirus genus The incubation period: 2 to 6 days Human infected with RVF by ingesting the unpasteurized or uncooked milk of infected animals. Symptomes: Occular, meningioencephalitis & haemorrhagic It affects reticuloendotheilal system (RES) causing hepatitis, gastroenteritis and photophobia Control: Milk pasteurization Outbreaks of RVF in animals can be prevented by a sustained 21/14/2024 programme of animalKarima vaccination. G. Abdel Hameed 57  Protozoal diseases 13- Toxoplasmosis Definition Protozoal disease infect human through ingestion of raw or improper pasteurized milk containing trophozoite Causative organism: Toxoplasma gondii trophozoite Meningeoencephalitis The disease causes Pneumonia Lymphadenitis Abortion 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 58  14- Amoebiasis Definition Protozoal disease infect human through ingestion of raw or improper pasteurized milk by the cyst (infective stage) Causative organism: Entamoeba histolytica cyst (infective stage) The disease causes Amoebic dysentery Colitis 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 59  Rickettsial disease 15- Q (Query) fever coxiellosis Definition Acute febrile disease of human being Causative organism: Coxiella burnetii Source: 1. Dairy animal acts (as a reservoir) 2. Ticks and blood suckling insects 3. Milk is the main vehicle of transmission Control Heat treatment at 85 ˚C for 15 sec 21/14/2024 Karima G. Abdel Hameed 60