Lecture 2: Literature Review - Research Topics & Methods

LITERATURE REVIEW LECTURE 2 START WITH A RESEARCH TOPIC  Topic is the subject matter of the proposed study  Criminal behavior  Poverty  Academic Performance  Commitment of government employees FROM RESEARCH TOPIC TO RESEARCH PROBLEM  A research problem is a statement about an area...

LITERATURE REVIEW LECTURE 2 START WITH A RESEARCH TOPIC  Topic is the subject matter of the proposed study  Criminal behavior  Poverty  Academic Performance  Commitment of government employees FROM RESEARCH TOPIC TO RESEARCH PROBLEM  A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.  Make the research problem significant by finding the:  Gap in Population or context – use another setting of group of respondents  Gap in analysis – simple to advance analysis, from relationship to cause and effect  Gap in Implications – apply the result of the study in other issues  Gap in methods – survey to experiment, qualitative to quantitative  Gap in concepts, perspectives and theory – use of another theory , model, framework FROM RESEARCH TOPIC TO RESEARCH PROBLEM  Other sources of research problem  Call for research papers  Stated limitations and future research in published research papers EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM  Does changing the curriculum of high school students improves their performance?  How do transparency mechanisms, such as open data policies, impact public sector accountability?  What is the impact of contractionary monetary policy on prices?  Does increasing the salary of government employees improve public service delivery? (note it also be in a narrative form) FROM RESEARCH PROBLEM TO RESEARCH TITLE  The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study.  A good title contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents and/or purpose of your research paper.  The title is without doubt the part of a paper that is read the most, and it is usually read first. FROM RESEARCH PROBLEM TO RESEARCH TITLE Research Problem Research Title Public sector organizations often lag behind in "Barriers to Digital Innovation in Public Sector adopting innovative digital solutions Organizations: Strategies for Modernizing compared to the private sector. Public Service Delivery" Citizen participation in governance is often "Improving Citizen Engagement in low due to limited avenues for meaningful Governance: The Role of E-Governance engagement. Platforms in Promoting Participatory Democracy" Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in service "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public-Private delivery can be inefficient due to Partnerships in Enhancing Public Service misalignment of goals. Delivery: A Comparative Study" PURPOSE OF LITERATURE REVIEW Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and scholarly context Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research Position yourself in relation to other researchers and theorists Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate SOURCES OF LITERATURE  Peer-reviewed journals -Public Administration Review (PAR)-Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (JPART)-Philippine Journal of Public Administration  Books-"The New Public Service" by Janet V. Denhardt and Robert B. Denhardt  Government Reports and Documents- OECD publications related to governance and public administration  Institutional Research and Policy Papers- World Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)  Theses and Dissertations-ProQuest Dissertations & Theses  Conference Proceedings-American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference Proceedings, International Public Policy Association (IPPA) Conference Proceedings SOURCES OF LITERATURE  Online Databases- JSTOR (Journal storage), Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science  Professional Associations and Networks- American Society for Public Administration (ASPA)  Newspapers and Magazines  Grey Literature-Working papers from ResearchGate, https://www.vsb.upd.edu.ph/publications  Data Repositories-World Bank Databank, United Nations Databases, Eurostat, Philippine Statistics Authority  Bibliographies and Review Articles, Search for "review articles" on databases like JSTOR or Google Scholar. STEPS IN WRITING THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE  Step 1: Search for relevant literature  Step 2: Evaluate and select sources What question or problem is the author addressing? What are the key concepts and how are they defined? What are the key theories, models and methods? Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach? What are the results and conclusions of the study?  Step 3: Identify themes, debates, and gaps STEPS IN WRITING THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE  Step 4: Outline your literature review’s structure  Chronological  Thematic  Methodological  Theoretical  Step 5: Write your literature review  Introduction  Body Summarize and synthesize Analyze and interpret: Critically evaluate: Write in well-structured paragraphs --END--