Organic Agriculture Lecture Notes PDF

Organic Agriculture Julie Ann Jayne L. Sigua  ORGANIC VS. CHEMICAL FARMING ✓ No pesticides ✓ No harmful chemicals ✓ No anti-biotics ✓ No growth-hormones ✓ Safe from carcinogenic substances ✓ Environment-friendly ✓ In-demand ✓ No competition ✓ Low Cost ✓ Many bu...

Organic Agriculture Julie Ann Jayne L. Sigua  ORGANIC VS. CHEMICAL FARMING ✓ No pesticides ✓ No harmful chemicals ✓ No anti-biotics ✓ No growth-hormones ✓ Safe from carcinogenic substances ✓ Environment-friendly ✓ In-demand ✓ No competition ✓ Low Cost ✓ Many business opportunities  ORGANIC VS. CHEMICAL FARMING ✓ Lots of chemical inputs ✓ Use of anti-biotics ✓ Use of growth hormones ✓ High risk of cancer ✓ High competition in the market ✓ High operation cost ✓ Harmful to the environment  At the end of this unit, you should be able to: 1. Identify different types of raw materials to be used for various concoctions. 2. Demonstrate various concoctions based on the fermentation period set in practice.  ❑ They are derived from processed plants, microorganisms, and animal materials to harness their beneficial properties. ❑ Replacement of chemical-based fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, repellants chemical based growth enhancers, and other synthetic food CONCOCTIONS ingredients for animals and plants ❑ Done through fermentation where the beneficial micro-organisms enhance the potency. ❑ The most common use for organic concoctions is fertilizer. They are applied by drenching (soil) or spraying (leaves, flowers, and fruits of plants). USES OF ORGANIC CONCOCTIONS ✓ Growth Enhancer ✓ Pesticide ✓ Flower Inducer ✓ Soil Conditioner ✓ Food Supplements for animals ✓ Natural antibiotics for animals ✓ Sanitizer for livestock and poultry houses  TYPES AND USES/BENEFITS OF CONCOCTIONS AND EXTRACTS  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 1. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) is made from axillary buds, fast-growing, young leaves of plants and grasses. Plants – Natural growth enhancer. Nitrogen fertilizer. - Enhances plant growth - Chlorophyll enhancer - Phyllosphere microbes fortifier - Soil microorganism accelerator Animals - Natural growth enhancer. Mix with drinking water  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 1. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) Materials: (1:2) 1 kg kangkong 1 kg Camote tops 1 kg banana trunk 1.5 kgs molasses  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 1. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) 9. Cover with two layered manila paper Procedure: 10. Tie with a rubber band 1. Clean and wash vegetable materials 11. Put a marking on the masking tape bearing 2. Drain for 5 minutes the name and date of fermentation and paste 3. Slice to an inch size it on top of the manila paper 4. Mix all vegetables thoroughly in a 12. Keep in a dark cool room for 7 days plastic pail(20 li. Capacity) 13. Open the mixture and extract the liquid 5. Mix with 1.5 kgs of molasses thoroughly 14. Filter the liquid and keep it in a plastic 6. Put a nylon screen on top of the container ( do not close the cap tightly, loosen mixture the cap with approximately 1 complete twist) 7. Put 5-8 pieces of 25-30 grams of 15. Completely close the cap after a week or stone on top of the nylon screen when no bubbles are going up 8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail 16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 2. Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) is made from sweet ripe fruits, fruit vegetables, and root crops. Plants - It increases plant nutrition through leaves and roots with potassium factor and Potassium fertilizer Animals - Natural Taste Enhancer - Act as a nutritious drink - It can used as an electrolyte for weak animals  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 2. Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) Materials: (1:1) 1 kg banana fruit 1kg papaya 1kg watermelon; and 3 kgs molasses  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 2. Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 9. Cover with two layered manila paper Procedure: 10. Tie with a rubber band 1. Clean and wash fruits 11. Put a marking on the masking tape bearing 2. Drain for 5 minutes the name and date of fermentation and paste it on top of the manila paper 3. Slice to an inch size 12. Keep in a dark cool room for 7 days 4. Mix all fruits thoroughly in a plastic pail ( 20 liters capacity) 13. Open the mixture and extract the liquid 5. Mix with 3 kgs. Of molasses thoroughly 14. Filter the liquid and keep it in a plastic container ( do not close the cap tightly, loosen 6. Put a nylon screen on top of the the cap of approximately 1 complete twist) mixture 15. Completely close the cap after a week or 7. Put 5-8 pieces of 25-30 grams stone when no bubbles are going up on top of the nylon screen 16. The concoction is ready to use after 8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail extraction 1 2 3 4 6 5  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 3. Fish Amino Acid (FAA) Is a liquid made from fish waste. It has various types of amino acid Food for the microorganisms Plant - Good source of nitrogen - It gives additional capacity to the plant to flower - “Root hormone” makes plants greener. - Juice is used as foliar fertilizer to induce vegetative growth Animal - Protein supplement.  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 3. Fish Amino Acid (FAA) 9. Cover with two layered manila paper Materials: (1:1) 10. Tie with a rubber band 1. Clean and wash fish waste/scrap. 11. Put a marking on the masking tape bearing 2. Drain for 5 minutes the name and date of fermentation and paste 3. Slice to an inch size it on top of the manila paper 4. Mix all parts thoroughly in a plastic pail 12. Keep in a dark cool room for 7 days ( 20 liters capacity) 13. Open the mixture and extract the liquid 5. Mix with 1 kg of molasses thoroughly 14. Filter the liquid and keep it in a plastic 6. Put a nylon screen on top of the container ( do not close the cap tightly, loosen mixture the cap with approximately 1 complete twist) 7. Put 5-8 pieces of 25-30 grams of stone 15. Completely close the cap after a week or on top of the nylon screen when no bubbles are going up 8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail 16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 4. Oriental Herb Nutrient (OHN) Plants - Gives resistance to plants diseases and insect attacks. - Helps make the soil and plants healthier. Animals - Protein supplement  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 4. Oriental Herb Nutrient (OHN) Materials: Materials: OHN 1 OHN 2 1 kg garlic 200 g chili 1kg. Ginger 100 g makabuhay 400 grams of muscovado/ molasses, and 2.4 liters of pure coconut vinegar  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 4. Oriental Herb Nutrient (OHN) Procedure OHN1: 4. Wipe the mouth of pail and seal the it 1. Peel the garlic and ginger tightly. Put markings or label when it was 2. Cut the garlic into halves and made to know if it is ready to extract. slice the ginger into quarter of an 5. After 3 days, mix the vinegar and wipe inch the mouth of the pail and seal it tightly. 3. Mix garlic and ginger with 6. Ferment for 10 days. (1st extraction) muscovado sugar/molasses in a 7. Filter the liquid in a plastic container, pail seal and put markings. 8. Ready to use for animals  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 4. Oriental Her Nutrient (OHN) Procedure OHN2: 9. Put 2.4L of vinegar, 200g chili and 100g makabuhay 10. Ferment for 10 days (2nd extraction) 11. Filter the liquid in a plastic container, seal and put markings. 12. Put 2.4L of vinegar, 200g chili and 100g makabuhay for (3rd extraction.) 13. Filter the liquid in a plastic container, seal and put markings.  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 5. Calcium Phosphate (CALPHOS) is a nutrient solution for plants just entering the flowering cycle. Calcium to strengthen the plant in preparation for heavy flowers/fruits. Phosphorous to address the root system will enable the plant to access better water and nutrients from the soil to support the critical changeover as manifested by flower initiation.  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 5. Calcium Phosphate (CALPHOS) Materials: (1:9) 1kgs. Bones (ruminants)/ shells (chicken, ducks, ostrich, sea shells) 9L of coco vinegar  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 5. Calcium Phosphate (CALPHOS) Procedure: 6. Put the bones/shell inside plastic pail 1. Clean and wash bones/shell 7. Add 9 liters of coco vinegar properly then grill it 8. Wipe the mouth of the pail then cover 2. Wait until the remaining fats are it with manila paper and tie with rubber drained bands 3. Remove the bones/shell when 9.Ferment for 30 days it becomes brownish in color (not 10. Filter and put it in another plastic over cooked) container. Loosen cap for 1 week 4. Cool down and wash again 11. Ready to use 5. Drain excess water  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 6. Indigenous Microorganism (IMO) is useful in removing bad odors from animal wastes, hastening composting, and contributing to crops’ general health. Use as a soil conditioner.  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 6. Indigenous Microorganism (IMO) Materials: 1 kg commercial rice; 2 kgs molasses  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 6. Indigenous Microorganism (IMO) Procedure: 6. After 3 - 5 days, collect the white colored 1. Wash the rice properly molds (black molds discard) 2. Cook it normally (not too wet or too 7. Weigh the collected rice and molds then dry) add molasses in equal weight. (1:1) 3. Transfer the ¼ full cooked rice into 8. Put in a plastic container and wipe the the bamboo pole mouth of the pail, cover it with 2 layered 4. Cover it with 2 layered manila paper manila paper and put markings. Ferment for and cellophane then tie with rubber 1 week bands and put markings 9. Drain the liquid and place in another 5. Keep it under the bamboo forest container. Loosen the cap for 1 week 10. IMO is ready to use after fermentation  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 7. Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS) thrive and feed on the ammonia released in the decomposition normally associated with the foul odor (removes foul odor) They suppress harmful micro-organism and encourage quick breakdown of organic substances Improve digestive system on animals Prevent disease development Help foster a healthy gut flora, Enhance their immune systems, LABS are differentiated by their powerful sterilizing properties  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 7. Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS) Materials: 100ml clear liquid from fermented rice 1L milk Water 1L+10L 1L Molasses+1.5L 1 bottle of beer  TYPES OF CONCOCTIONS 7. Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS) Procedure: 1. Ferment 1L clear liquid from rice in water for 1 week (or you can use 1L of Rice wash) in a pail 2. Cover the container with manila paper and put markings. Collect 100 ml. 3. After 1 week, add 1L of Milk 4. After 1 week, add 1L of Molasses 5. After 1 week, add 10L of water, 1.5L of Molasses , and 1 bottle of beer 6. Ferment for another week before it is ready for use FERMENTATION refers to the metabolic process by which organic molecules (normally glucose) are converted into acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen or any electron transport chain.