Lecture 2 Behavior Modification Techniques.pptx

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 2 Behavior Modification Techniques Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh Lecture contents Lecture Contents Definition of Behavior Modification Areas...

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 2 Behavior Modification Techniques Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh Lecture contents Lecture Contents Definition of Behavior Modification Areas of Behavioral Change Modification Behavior Modification Techniques Behavioral Assessment Task of smoking quitting • It is the field of psychology concerned with analyzing modifying human behavior. and Aim of Behavior Modification Techniques • Is to manipulate the antecedents and consequences of behavior so that the likelihood of appropriate behavior is increased, and inappropriate behavior is decreased. Characteristics of Behavior Modification ■ Focus on behavior. ■ Procedures based on behavioral principles. ■ Emphasis on current environmental events. ■ Precise description of behavior modification procedures. ■ Treatment implemented by people in everyday life. Examples of Behavior Modification Techniques Motivational Interviewing Self-Management Reinforcement Shaping Promoting transfer of stimulus Chaining Examples of Behavior Modification Techniques Behavioral skills training procedures Behavioral contracts Technology & E. strategies Education Treatment Fear and anxiety reduction procedures Modelling Areas of Application of Behavioral Change Modification 1 Development al Disabilities 3 Mental Illness 5 Education and Special Education 7 2 4 Rehabilitatio n Community Psychology 6 Business, Industry, and Human Services Clinical Psychology Areas of Application of Behavioral Change Modification 8 1 0 1 2 SelfManagement Prevention Gerontology 9 1 1 1 3 Child Management Sport Psychology HealthRelated Behaviors Measures used before changing the behavior • Change the environment to change your behavior. Self-Change Techniques Applied With the Target Behavior • Record “target” behavior; self-monitor and check your progress: Do: • Select clearly countable behaviors or Feelings to record. • Keep a daily count or make a daily rating. • Make a chart of your progress. Do: • Use progress chart as a motivator; set reasonable immediate, intermediate and final goals. • Frequently evaluate your progress by comparing achievements with baseline data and with sub-goals. Behavior Modification Techniques Motivational Interviewing (will be discussed later) Self-Management. Reinforcement. Shaping. Promoting transfer of stimulus. Chaining. Behavior Modification Techniques Motivational Interviewing Self-Management. Reinforcement. Shaping. Promoting transfer of stimulus. Chaining. Procedures to Modify Behavior ✔Self-Management: • People are exhibiting behavioral deficits; that is, they fail to engage in desirable behaviors. The behaviors are desirable because they will have a positive impact on the people’s lives in the future. Behavior Modification Techniques Self-Management: When people want to change their own behavior, they can design and implement a self management program. A self-management program involves applying behavior modification to one’s own behavior. 21 22 Behavior Modification Techniques Motivational Interviewing Self-Management. Reinforcement. Shaping. Promoting transfer of stimulus. Chaining. Reinforcement • Is the process strengthened consequence in by that which a the reliably behavior is immediate follows its occurrence. • When a behavior is strengthened, it is more likely to occur again in the future. Reinforcement • Reinforcement is a natural process that also influences human behavior. • Reinforcement may occur naturally, as a result of our day-to-day interactions with our social and physical environment, or it may be planned as part of a behavior modification program used to change a person’s behavior. Positive reinforcement • It is defined as follows. 1. The occurrence of a behavior 2. Is followed by the addition of a stimulus (a reinforcer) or an increase in the intensity of a stimulus, which results in the strengthening of the behavior. Negative Reinforcement • It is defined as follows. 1. The occurrence of a behavior 2. is followed by the removal of a stimulus (an aversive stimulus) or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus, which results in the strengthening of the behavior. Behavioral Assessment • It means measurement of the target behavior . • It is fundamental aspect of behavior modification. Types of Behavioral Assessment • Direct assessment: ⮚ A person observes and records the target behavior as it occurs. ⮚ Use (a video camera) must be in close proximity to the person exhibiting the behavior so that the target behavior can be seen (or heard). Types of Behavioral Assessment • Indirect assessment: ⮚ Using interviews, questionnaires, and rating scales to obtain information on the target behavior from the person exhibiting the behavior or from others (e.g., parents, teachers, or staff). Reactivity • Sometimes the process of recording a behavior causes the behavior to change, even before any treatment is implemented. Exercise: Tobacco Intervention 1. Ask about tobacco use at every visit: a. Implement an office system that ensures that, for every patient at every visit, tobaccouse status is queried and documented. Exercise: Tobacco Intervention 2.Advise all tobacco users to quit: a. “I strongly advise you to quit smoking and I can help you.” Exercise: Tobacco Intervention 3. Assess readiness to quit a. Ask every tobacco user if s/he is willing to make a quit attempt at this time: i. If willing to quit, provide assistance. ii.If unwilling intervention. to quit, provide motivational Exercise: Tobacco Intervention 4. Assist tobacco users in quitting: a. Provide brief counseling: b. Reasons to quit. c. Barriers to quitting. d. Lessons from past quit attempts. e. Set a quit date, if ready. f. Enlist social support. g. Recommend use of combination or single pharmacotherapy (patch, gum, lozenge, nasal spray, inhaler, bupropion, or varenicline). Exercise: Tobacco Intervention 5. Arrange follow-up: a. Refer to the department of smoking quitting. b. If quit: Congratulate success, encourage maintenance. c. If tobacco use has occurred: i. Ask for recommitment to total abstinence. ii. Review circumstances that caused relapse. iii. Use relapse as a learning experience. iv. Assess pharmacotherapy use and problems. v. Consider referral to more intensive treatment. Questions? Comments?