Lecture 2 - 5 Function Model PDF

Five Component Functions Model of Exercise Physiology From Rest to Movement  What are the Physiologic Systems of the Human Body 1. Neural System 2. Endocrine System 3. Lymphatic System 4. Muscular System 5. Skeletal System 6. Digestive (Metabolic) System 7. Cardiovascular Sys...

Five Component Functions Model of Exercise Physiology From Rest to Movement  What are the Physiologic Systems of the Human Body 1. Neural System 2. Endocrine System 3. Lymphatic System 4. Muscular System 5. Skeletal System 6. Digestive (Metabolic) System 7. Cardiovascular System 8. Respiratory System 9. Renal System 10.Integumentary System 11.Reproductive System 5 Component Functions Model of Exercise Physiology 1. Signaling of Tissue 2. Force Production 3. Energy Production 4. Substrate Supply 5. Waste Removal How Do Our Physiologic Systems Fit Into Our 5 Functions 1. Signaling of Tissue 1. Neural, endocrine, lymphatic 2. Force Production 1. Muscle, skeletal (ligamentous) 3. Energy Production 1. Digestive (metabolic), endocrine 4. Substrate Supply 1. Circulatory, Respiratory 5. Waste Removal 1. Circulatory, respiratory, renal, integumentary, lymphatic  How do We go From Sitting to Walking? Neural system Stimulates muscle to contract Feed forward to stimulate increased heart rate and increased ventilation based on movement pattern. Feedback system to refine – i.e. increase deliver of resources Utilization of pooled ATP to create muscular force stimulates increased bioenergetic activity (i.e. ATP production) Cardiorespiratory systems deliver nutrients for and remove waste from the bioenergetic process The cycle continues and refines based upon the demands of the activity and sensory feedback from the physiological systems  What is happening physiologically while we are at complete rest compared to the systems maximal capacity? Signaling? Force Production? Energy Production? Resource Supply? Waste Removal?  Key Concept of Exercise Physiology It is all about rates and how much of a capacity is being used!!!! What Happens When Someone Bikes at Increasing Intensities?  EMG – Signaling to the muscle/activity of the muscle 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 mV 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 Rest 50 W 100 W 200 W 400 W Electromyography  VO2 & VCO2 – Oxygen (resource) being consumed, and CO2 being produced (waste) 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 L/min 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Rest 50 W 100 W 200 W 400 W VO2 VCO2  HR – Indication of the rate of resource delivery and waste removal 200 180 160 140 BPM 120 100 80 60 Rest 50 W 100 W 200 W 400 W HR  VE – Linked directly to CO2 production (i.e. how much waste is being produced and removed) 90 80 70 60 50 L/min 40 30 20 10 0 Rest 50 W 100 W 200 W 400 W VE  Go Deeper What happens when I change the intensity? – Signaling What changes? Why does it change? – Force Production What changes? Why does it change? – Energy Production What changes? Why does it change? – Substrate Supply What changes? Why does it change? – Waste Removal What changes? Why does it change?  Signaling What changes? – Increased delivery of signal What drove the change? – The requirements of our external environment – i.e. more force requirement What systems change? – Nervous system, endocrine system What does this change influence? – Muscle force production, heart contraction rate, respiratory system saturation, liver and fat fuel mobilization, etc. Why do we need this change? – We need more signaling to: Activate the tissues to produce the force required to meet the requirements of the external environment Activate the tissues to produce the energy required to maintain the activity Activate the tissues to delivery the resources required to develop the energy Activate the tissues to remove the waste to ensure the process continues  Force Production What changes? – Increase of internal force to meet/overcome external force What system drove the change? – Neural system because we needed more muscle mass involved to perform the task What systems were involved in the change? – Muscular system, skeletal system, ligamentous system What does this change influence? – Metabolic systems (energy production) – we need more ATP to continue producing force Why? – Because we need to produce more internal force (muscle force) to allow us to overcome the external force.  Energy Production What changes? – Increased rate of energy utilization – i.e. more muscle activity What system drove the change? – Muscular system needed more force which required more ATP What systems were involved in the change? – Metabolic systems - bioenergetic pathways – Fuel storage systems - liver, fat, intramuscular What does this change influence? – Substrate delivery and waste removal systems Why? – Because we are having to produce more energy to maintain the force requirement, we now need: To delivery more resources to pass through the bioenergetics pathways from storage cites, or our environment To remove the waste that is produced through these bioenergetic pathways  Substrate Supply What changes? – The utilization of resources like glycogen, triglyceride, free fatty acids, oxygen have increased What drove the change? – Really feed forward from the neural system, but based on need for more energy to continue to produce muscle force What systems were involved in the change? – Fuel storage cites (liver, blood stream, muscle, fat) – Delivery systems (cardiovascular, respiratory) What does this change influence? – The ability to maintain energy production which is needed to maintain force output Why? – Because we are having to produce more energy to maintain the force requirement, we now need: To delivery more resources to pass through the bioenergetics pathways from storage cites, or our environment  Waste Removal What changes? – The production of waste products from the bioenergetics pathways (water, CO2, heat, H+, etc.) What drove the change? – As energy was produced from the bioenergetics pathways, waste was produced. Accumulation of waste changed pressure gradients What systems were involved in the change? – Waste removal systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, integumentary) What does this change influence? – The ability to maintain activity at the desired rate. If waste cannot be removed at a fast enough rate, it can slow down the entire system Why? – Because we are having to produce more energy to maintain the force requirement, we now need: To remove more waste products back into our environment or into the larger physiological system  Take Home Message The systems are all integrated to allow for the production of movement to allow us to work within our external environment. Yes, physiology and biomechanics are tightly related!!! – (I know, I couldn’t believe it either)