Inflammation Lecture Notes PDF

# INFLAMMATION ## INTRODUCTION "The word inflammation means burning". When a wound swells up, turns red and hurts, it may be a sign of inflammation. Very generally speaking, inflammation is the body's immune system's response to an irritant. - Inflammation is the visible response to an immu...

# INFLAMMATION ## INTRODUCTION "The word inflammation means burning". When a wound swells up, turns red and hurts, it may be a sign of inflammation. Very generally speaking, inflammation is the body's immune system's response to an irritant. - Inflammation is the visible response to an immune reaction, and activation of the immune response is almost essential before inflammatory response appears. - Inflammation is a protective response by the body to a variety of etiologic agents (infectious or non-infectious). - Inflammation involves two basic processes: early inflammatory response and later followed by healing. ## DEFINITION "Inflammation is defined as the local response of living mammalian tissues to injury due to any agent." OR It is a body defense reaction in order to eliminate or limit the spread of injurious agent, followed by removal of the necrosed cells and tissues. ## CAUSETIVE AGENTS 1. Physical: Heat, cold, radiation, mechanical trauma. 2. Chemical: Organic and Inorganic Substances. 3. Infective (Microorganism): Bacteria, viruses and their toxins, fungi, parasites. 4. Immunological: Cell-mediated and antigenantibody reactions. 5. Inert Materials: Foreign bodies. ## SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION The famous 4 cardinal signs of Inflammation are: (Roman writer Celsus in 1st century A.D.) 1. _Rubor_ (redness) 2. _Tumor_ (swelling) 3. _Calor_ (heat) 4. _Dolor_ (pain) ## The fifth sign of Inflammation was was added by scientist "Verchow". 5. _Functio Leasa_ (Loss of Functions). ## 5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation The document contains a diagram illustrating the five signs of inflammation. It features five arms, each illustrating a sign of inflammation: 1. Pain: a painful knee is illustrated 2. Heat: A warm elbow is illustrated 3. Redness: A red, irritated forearm is illustrated 4. Swelling: A swollen forearm is illustrated 5. Loss of Function: An arm with an X over it, as a symbol of being unable to function. ## TYPES Depending upon the defense capacity of the host and duration of the response, inflammation can be classified as: 1. **Acute Inflammation** 2. **Chronic Inflammation** ## ACUTE INFLAMMATION - Short duration (lasting less than two weeks). - Represents the early body reaction. - Resolves quickly and is usually followed by healing." ## FEATURES 1. Accumulation of fluid and plasma at the affected site. 2. Intravascular activation of platelets. 3. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils as inflammatory cells. ## Response Acute inflammatory response is a progressive process and may be: 1. Vascular Events 2. Cellular Events # Thanks....