Decision Making Process Lecture 10 PDF

Dentistry Faculty Decision Making Process Lecture 10 LECTURE OUTLINE Decision Making Process The Manager as a Leader LECTURE ILOs Identify the steps of decision making Know the role of a manager as a leader  Problems and Decision Making: A problem is a difficult situation req...

Dentistry Faculty Decision Making Process Lecture 10 LECTURE OUTLINE Decision Making Process The Manager as a Leader LECTURE ILOs Identify the steps of decision making Know the role of a manager as a leader  Problems and Decision Making: A problem is a difficult situation requiring a solution. Problems usually do not have single solutions. Instead, they have a series of possible solutions. To find the best solution, managers should follow a systematic approach to solving problems. Steps of Problem Solving: 1) IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM A manager must also be careful not to identify a symptom as the problem. A symptom is a sign or indication of something that appears to be the problem. Falling sales of a P/S is a symptom. The problem could be ineffective advertising, untrained salespeople, quality problems, poor service, and so on. Steps of Problem Solving: 1) IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM Sometimes managers are unaware that problems exist until it is too late. They need to review plans and performance regularly to determine if operations are proceeding as planned. When any evidence appears that suggests a problem, they should study the evidence carefully and not ignore it. Steps of Problem Solving: 2) LIST POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS There are many ways to identify possible solutions. Brainstorming is one method of developing a long list for later analysis. Managers should review solutions that have been used in the past or that were considered for solving related problems. Discussing the problems with other managers or with outside experts helps to identify solutions. Many managers recognize that employees and customers are sources of possible solutions. Steps of Problem Solving: 3)ANALYZE THE SOLUTIONS Managers have to create a short list of the best two or three solutions. After collecting all of the necessary information, managers should examine the strengths and weaknesses of each solution one by one. For very important decisions, managers may want to conduct an experiment to test one or more solutions. Steps of Problem Solving: 4)SELECT THE BEST SOLUTION Some problems have to be solved quickly, but for very important decisions, managers take several days or more before selecting the solution. After selecting a solution, the managers must determine the best way to implement it and who will be part of the implementation. As implementation proceeds, the managers must gather information to determine if the solution is solving the problem or if they need additional efforts. Steps of Problem Solving:  A Manager as a Leader: Anyone who holds a responsible position in an organization must have a number of qualities to meet his or her responsibilities successfully. One of the key qualities for a manager at any level is effective leadership. A manager who earns the respect and cooperation of employees to effectively accomplish the work of the organization is known as a leader. Leadership is the ability to influence individuals and groups to cooperatively achieve organizational goals. Leaders have excellent human relations skills. Human relations refers to how well people get along with each other when working together. Leadership Characteristics: 1)INTELLIGENCE: A certain amount of intelligence is needed to direct others. Leaders use their intelligence to study, learn, and improve their management skills. 2)JUDGMENT: Leaders must make many decisions. They consider all facts carefully; apply knowledge, experience, and new information; and use good judgment.  Leadership Characteristics: 3)OBJECTIVITY: Leaders must be able to look at all sides of a problem and not make biased judgments or statements. 4)INITIATIVE: Leaders have ambition and persistence in reaching goals. They encourage others to take actions and make decisions when appropriate. 5)DEPENDABILITY: Those who lead are consistent in their actions, and others can rely on them. They do not make promises that cannot be fulfilled. Leadership Characteristics: 6)COOPERATION: Leaders understand the importance of other people and enjoy being with them. Thus, they work well with others. 7)HONESTY: Leaders are honest and have high standards of personal integrity. They are ethical in decisions and their treatment of others. 8)COURAGE: Leaders possess the courage to make unpopular decisions and try new approaches in solving problems. They are willing to take risks to support others. Leadership Characteristics: 9)CONFIDENCE: Leaders have a great deal of self-confidence. They attempt to make the best decisions possible and trust their own judgment. 10)STABILITY: Leaders are not highly emotional. You can depend on their reactions. They can help others to solve problems and reduce conflicts. 11)UNDERSTANDING: Leaders recognize that the feelings and ideas of others are important. They try to understand the people they work with. They encourage others to share their ideas, experiences, and opinions and show that each person is a valuable member of the organization. References Burrow, J., Kleindl, B., Everard, K., 2008. Business principles and management Fatehi, K., 2019. International Business Management Aldrich, H.E., 2008. Organizations and Environments. Ansoff, I.H., 2007. Strategic Management.