lecture 1.pdf

ANATOMICAL POSITION Standing upright with head and eyes directed forward focusing on a distant object No facial expression ( neutral facial expression) Upper limbs slightly away from trunk , palm facing forward and thumb pointing away from the body Lower limbs parallel , feet flat on...

ANATOMICAL POSITION Standing upright with head and eyes directed forward focusing on a distant object No facial expression ( neutral facial expression) Upper limbs slightly away from trunk , palm facing forward and thumb pointing away from the body Lower limbs parallel , feet flat on the ground and toes facing forward Front Side Back TERMS OF RELATION Anterior is towards the front of the body Posterior is towards the back of the body TERMS OF RELATION Superior is towards the top of the body Inferior is towards the bottom of the body TERMS OF RELATION Medial is towards the midline Lateral is away from the midline TERMS OF RELATION Proximal is towards the center of the body Distal is away from the center of the body TERMS OF RELATION Ipsilateral is on the same side of the body Contralateral is on the opposite side of the body TERMS OF RELATION Dorsal Surface : Refers to the top or anterior surface of foot and back and posterior aspect of hand Planter surface : Refers to the sole or posterior surface of foot Palmer surface : Refers to the palm of the hand TERMS OF MOVEMENT Flexion: decrease in the angle of the joint Extension: increase in the angle of the joint TERMS OF MOVEMENT Abduction: movement of limb away from midline Adduction: movement of limb towards the midline Abduction Adduction  TERMS OF MOVEMENT Circumduction: circular movement of a joint using a combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction such that the distal limb describes a circle TERMS OF MOVEMENT Opposition: thumb brought to oppose another digit Reposition: thumb repositioned back to the anatomic position TERMS OF MOVEMENT Elevation: movement of the scapular superiorly Depression: movement of the scapular inferiorly Elevation of shoulders Depression of shoulders TERMS OF MOVEMENT Eversion: movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane Inversion: movement of the sole of the foot towards from the median plane TERMS OF MOVEMENT Protrusion: movement of the mandible, lips or tongue anteriorly Retraction: movement of the mandible, lips or tongue posteriorly Retraction Protrusion TERMS OF MOVEMENT Medial rotation is a rotational Lateral rotation movement towards the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal rotation Lateral rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline. This is in the opposite direction to the Medial rotation medial rotational movements General Body Positions Upright- erect or marked by vertical position Seated - upright position in which the patient is sitting on a chair or stool Recumbent - general term referring to lying down in any position, such as dorsal recumbent bent, ventral recumbent, or lateral recumbent Supine - lying on the back Prone - lying face down ABBREVIATIONS ?-Query, #-Fracture, CXR-Chest x-ray, SXR-skull x-ray, OM, OF, EAM, RBL, abd. L/S- lumber spine, C/S, D/S, T/S, RTA-Road Traffic Accident, H/O-History of, C/O-Complains Of, O/E-On Examination, R/O-Rule Out, CONT.. POP-Plaster Of Paris, NAD-No Abnormality Detected., I/V-Intravenous FB- Foreign body, TB- Tuberculosis, PTB-Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Ca-Carcinoma UTI-Urinary Tract Infection GI-Gastro-Intestinal  Modalities abbreviation CT-Computed Tomography MRI-Magnetic Resonance Imaging USG-Ultra-Sonography SPECT-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography PET-Positron Emission Tomography DSA-Digital Subtraction Angiography CR-Computed Radiography DR- Direct Radiography NM- Nuclear Medicine Summary of the potentially misuse positioning terms Position Is a term that is used to indicate the patient’s general physical position such as supine, prone, recumbent, or erect. Is also used to describe specific body positions by the body part closest to the ir, such as lateral and oblique. Should be ‘restricted to discussion of patient’s physical position Projection Is a correct positioning term that describes or refers to the path of the central ray, projecting an image onto an IR Should be restricted to discussion of the path of CR View Is not a correct positioning term. Describes the body part as seen by the IR or other recording medium, such as a fluoroscopic screen Term view should be restricted to discussion of radiograph or image 9/21/2024 39 9/21/2024 40 9/21/2024 41