Lecture 1 - Intro to ICT.pdf

INTRO TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei PhD. Information Science +233 - 243775571 1  INTRODUCTION  ICT hav...

INTRO TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei PhD. Information Science +233 - 243775571 1  INTRODUCTION  ICT have become an integral part of our life and society, their applications ranging from business transactions to personal communications.  While many people use them for work and pleasure every day, few have a basic understanding of how [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - computers work.  Communication has improved and evolved to facilitate our daily activities.  In the 21st century, everything related to communication utilizes technology to ‘send out’ or disseminate information to a wider audience.  Information can be ‘sent out’ in many ways.  The inventions of cellular phones, television and other electronic devices are important in enhancing communication. 2 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei   So what is Information and Communication Technology? [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei -  Consider the following Terminologies  Information  Communication  Technology  Information Communication  Communication Technology  Information Technology  Information & Communication Technology 3 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Information [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - IC IT ICT Communication CT Technology Slide 4 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  INFORMATION  Collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves  Data that has been processed/classiffied/ arranged/organised/ manipulated within a context/form to give it meaning  A subset of data, only including those data that possess context, relevance and purpose  Useful; meaningful, organised, data Slid e5 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - [email protected]  INFORMATION  We need information to make decisions and to predict the future. [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei -  For example, scientists can detect the formation of a tsunami using the latest technology and warn the public to avoid disasters in the affected areas 6 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  COMMUNICATION  Communication is an act of exchanging, sharing, or transmitting messages or information, data, idea etc. [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei -  It is a process whereby information or messages are exchanged between entities or parties (people, organization, or institutions, systems etc) using symbols, signs or verbal interactions. 7 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  TECHNOLOGY  Any tool or system that facilitates work to be done easier.  The techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei -  The use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processes and products that fulfill human needs.   Technology is vital in communication. In this context:  Aiding Communication  The devices used in extending communication  Telephone and fax machines.  Spreading Information  To broadcast information such as news or weather reports effectively.  Radio, television, satellites and the World Wide Web (www) are powerful tools that can be used. 8 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (CT)  Communication technology are all equipment and programs that are used to process and communicate information.  Any tools used to transmit or share information.  Some examples of communication technology are [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - computers, the internet, e-mail, television, radio, phones, podcasts or other sound-based and video- based communication means  Communication technology influences business and society by making the exchange of ideas and information more efficient. 9  INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)  The use of any tool or system to facilitate the capturing/ gathering, processing, storage, and dissemination, of information or data. [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei -  IT is considered to be a subset of ICT 10 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  WHAT IS ICT?  ICT is a broader term for Information Technology (IT), which refers to all communication technologies, including the internet, wireless networks, cell phones, computers, software, middleware, video-conferencing, social networking, and other [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - media applications and services enabling users to access, retrieve, store, transmit, and manipulate information in a digital form.  ICT is the system/tool required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime. 11 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  The Principal system/tool/device that facilitate the gathering, processing, storage, & dissemination of Information is the COMPUTER [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - 12 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei   In simple terms, a computer is  An electronic machine capable of performing various arithmetic and logical operations.  [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei -  An automatic electronic machine for performing calculations or controlling operations that is expressible in numerical or logical terms.  An electronic device that accepts data as an input material, processes it into information as an output, stores the information, and been capable of sharing the information 13 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei   Electronic device  Data [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei -  Information  Process  Storage  Share/disseminate 14 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  ELECTRONIC DEVICES  Electronic devices are components for controlling the flow of electrical currents for the purpose of information processing and system control.  Electronic devices are usually small and can be grouped [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - together into packages called integrated circuits.  Prominent examples include transistors and diodes.  This miniaturization is central to the modern electronics boom 15 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  WHAT IS DATA?  Data is the building block of information and knowledge  It serves as the resource from which information is generated  Data are raw facts and figures that on their own have no meaning.  These can be any alphanumeric characters i.e. text, numbers, symbols. For example: 12A4GH7; 17, 25,  Features: Data is  basic,  unrefined,  generally unfiltered  Not organised  Meaningless Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei Slide 16 Google Confidential and Proprietary  INFORMATION  Data that has been processed/classiffied/ arranged/organised/ manipulated within a context/form to give it meaning  Useful; meaningful, organised, data  Information goes through several processes: 1. Contextualisation:  by explaining the purpose of the data 2. Categorisation:  by defining data into units of analysis or key components 3. Calculating:  by analysing the data using mathematics or statistics 4. Correction:  by removing errors from data 5. Condensation: Slid  by summarising data to form a concise message e 17 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - [email protected]  BENEFITS OF COMPUTERS In  Saves space  Education  Saves time  Lega/law  Enhances [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei -  Engineering productivities  Business  Stores large volumes of  Entertainment data  Tourism  Research & development  Construction  Sales and marketing  Marketing  Education  Etc.  Entertainment 18 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei  PROBLEMS/DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS  Some disadvantages of computers relate to health risks, the violation of privacy, public safety, the impact on the labor force, and the impact on the [email protected] Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei - environment.  Health Risks:  Violation of Privacy:  Public Safety:  Impact on Labor Force:  Impact on Environment:  Employment  Busines 19 Dr. De-Graft Johnson Dei