Lecture 1.pdf

Platform Technologies The Basic Organization of Computers Jeffrey John R. Yasay Associate Professor 5 You will learn about the basics of computer system organization the stored program concept how computer’s main memory is organized types of instructions for a typical proces...

Platform Technologies The Basic Organization of Computers Jeffrey John R. Yasay Associate Professor 5 You will learn about the basics of computer system organization the stored program concept how computer’s main memory is organized types of instructions for a typical processor scale and performance factors Electronic Digital Computers based on stored program design processor system o CPU o Memory input/output system o input/output devices o secondary storage Central Processing Unit manages the instruction-execution cycle FETCH – DECODE – EXECUTE coordinates the activities of other devices Main Memory (fast access) storage device for preserving binary data and instructions memory is divided into units or words each is usually a standard size or fixed-length each memory word has a unique address for random access Main Memory Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) readable readable writeable permanent usually volatile (e.g., Dynamic nonvolatile RAM or DRAM) special-purpose storage for data general storage and instructions CPU & Memory CPU – Central Processing Unit PC – Program Counter MAR- Memory Address Register Clock – System Clock MDR – Memory Data Register ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit IR- Instruction Register ACC - Accumulator The CPU and Main Memory Inside the CPU FETCH the instruction FETCH the instruction DECODE the instruction EXECUTE the instruction Types of Processor Operations Data Movement Operations Arithmetic and Logical moving data from memory to the Operations CPU integer arithmetic moving data from memory to comparing two quantities memory shifting, rotating bits in a quantity input and output testing, comparing, and converting bits Types of Processor Operations Program Control starting a program halting a program skipping to other instructions testing data to decide whether to skip over some instructions Scale and Performance Factors modern computer systems are driven by processors fabricated using very largescale integration  Latest Processors Intel® Core i9 processor-14900KS Up to 6.2 GHz max turbo frequency with Intel® Thermal Velocity Boost – the fastest desktop processor speeds available on the market. Twenty-four cores (eight Performance-cores and 16 Efficient-cores), 32 threads, 150 watt processor base power, 36MB Intel Smart Cache and 20 PCIe lanes (16 PCIe 5.0 and four PCIe 4.0 lanes). Expanded Intel® APO support for the i9-14900KS – providing up to 11% performance uplift in supported titles.4 Intel continues to expand support for APO, which now includes 14 gaming titles. Support for up to 192GB of DDR5 5600 megatransfers per second (MT/s) or DDR4 3200 MT/s memory. Compatibility with Z790 and Z690 motherboards, with the latest BIOS recommended for the best gaming and content creation experience.  AMD Ryzen 9 9950X Designed for socket AM5 motherboards using the powerful Zen 5 4nm architecture, this Ryzen processor offers exceptional performance. With a base clock speed of 4.3 GHz and a max boost clock speed of 5.7 GHz, the Ryzen 9 9950X delivers the power needed to smoothly handle tasks ranging from content creation to immersive gaming experiences. You can boost performance further by overclocking this unlocked processor. Other features include support for PCIe(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) Gen 5 technology and 5600 MHz ECC DDR5 RAM with compatible motherboards.  Intel and AMD Intel AMD Integrated electronics Advanced Micro Devices, Inc Intel, in full Intel Corporation, a leading AMD, is a global company that American brand and manufacturer of specializes in manufacturing semiconductor computer circuits. It is semiconductor devices used in headquartered in Santa Clara, computer processing. The company California. The company's name comes also produces flash memories, graphics from “integrated electronics.” processors, motherboard chip sets, and a variety of components used in consumer electronics goods. The company is a major supplier of microprocessors (computer chips). AMD is based in Santa Clara, California. Performance of Intel and AMD Intel AMD Overclocking of CPU Thank you!