Lecture 1 Dental Biomaterials I (2) PDF

Dental biomaterials I course # DEN-DBM201-1 Lecture 1: Introduction to Dental Biomaterials DR. Fahiem M. El-shamy Lecturer in Dental Biomaterials Faculty of Dentistry, Menoufia National University OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, the stu...

Dental biomaterials I course # DEN-DBM201-1 Lecture 1: Introduction to Dental Biomaterials DR. Fahiem M. El-shamy Lecturer in Dental Biomaterials Faculty of Dentistry, Menoufia National University OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Discuss the importance of the study of dental materials for dental students. 2. Discuss the categories of dental biomaterials. 3. Recognize the materials used in dental treatment. 4. know important terms that helpful in studying the course. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Dentistry Is the science that deals with oral cavity including the relief of pain, prevention and treatment of mouth diseases, the maintenance of masticatory efficiency and the restoration of the esthetical qualities of the mouth and face. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Mouth consists of I- Soft tissues (tongue, lips, check, gingiva, soft palate.) 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  II- Hard tissues (bone “maxilla, mandible, hard palate” and teeth).  Anterior teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines) are very important for cutting off food, esthetics and speech.  posterior teeth (premolars and molars) are important for mastication of food. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Tooth anatomy  Each tooth has Crown: is the visible part of the tooth, which is about 1/3 of tooth length. The crown is formed of ✓ Enamel Hardest tissue in the body (is highly calcified substance ) covers the crown, ✓ Dentin much softer than enamel (represents the bulk of tooth substance) ✓ Pulp containing nerve and blood vessels. Root: is the remaining 2/3 of the tooth. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Dental caries  One of the most important tooth diseases which is the destructive disease of the tooth structure. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Dental treatment Prevention Restorative Prosthetic 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Preventive treatment 1- Educate the patient: Brushing , Flossing and Periodic check up 2- Fluoride therapy at dental clinic Decreases dental caries, especially in children. Fluoride therapy 3- Pit and fissure sealants 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Restorative treatment 1- Removal of caries --→cavity -→filling the cavity with a suitable restorative material ‘filling material”. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY 2- If the caries extended to the pulp, endodontic treatment is necessary Root Canal Treatment (RCT). 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Prosthetic treatment Extraction of the carious tooth, then restoring the space created-→ artificial tooth/teeth. *DENTAL IMPLANT, *BRIDGE, PARTIAL AND COMPLETE DENTURES. BRIDGE DENTAL IMPLANT, 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  PARTIAL DENTURES COMPLETE DENTURE 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Success or failure of a treatment depends on the selection of the materials with adequate properties and their manipulation. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Dental biomaterials The science of dental biomaterials involves a study of the internal structure, composition, properties of materials and the way in which they interact with the oral environment. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Biomaterials: any natural or synthetic material that interfaces with living tissue and/or biological fluids. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY Dental materials may be classified by their use: Preventive Restorative materials Prosthetic materials materials: Impression Pit and fissure Dental amalgam materials. sealants Composite Gypsum products Fluoride therapy Ceramics Investment ….etc materials Dental waxes  Materials used in dentistry Four categories of dental Biomaterials used in dentistry. According to their characteristic microstructures and resulting properties: 1. Metals 2. Ceramics 3. Composite 4. Polymers 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY 1. Metals: o Pure metal →gold foil o Alloys (Mixture of 2 or more metals)-> Dental Amalgam, Co-Cr, Ni-Cr 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY 2. Ceramics; o A material composed of metallic and non-metallic elements. o Dental Porcelain, Gypsum, investment. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY 3. Composite: o A material composed of organic and inorganic substances. 4. Polymers: Long chain molecules consisting of many (poly) repeating units (mers). Impression, Dental Waxes, Denture bases. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Important terms  Ridge: is the bony part remains after extraction of tooth or teeth. 1- Dentulous ridge: A ridge has complete full arch teeth. 2-Edentulous ridge: A ridge has no any tooth. 3- Partial edentulous ridge: Patient extracts some and has some teeth. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Prosthesis Is an artificial replacement of a missing part. either fixed or removable prosthodontics. Fixed Removable prosthodontic: prosthodontics: 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Fixed prosthodontics FPD: Prosthesis is that permanently cemented and not removable from the mouth by the patient Inlay, Onlay, Crown and bridge Bridge: Crown: -Restore a part of that -Replace one or more missing coronal portion. teeth -Covers or envelop the -Fixed to adjacent teeth. coronal portion of the tooth to 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY  Removable prosthodontics: It can be inserted & removed from the mouth by the patient and aimed to restore a more missing teeth. Composed of denture base and artificial teeth. Partial denture: Complete denture : (if too many missing teeth) and attached to adjacent natural teeth with clasps. Replace the entire dentition in the dental arch. 9/28/2024 DR/ FAHIEM M. EL-SHAMY THANK YOU 26  EVALUATION SHEET #1 1- List various scenarios in dental treatment and identify the materials used for each? 2- Draw an illustration with labels showing the sequence of steps in root canal treatment, including the dental materials required? 3- What are the four categories of dental biomaterials used in dentistry? Provide examples for each one. 4- Define prosthesis and mention its types.