Lecture 1 PDF

Lecture 1 Tuesday, January 14, 2025 4:51 PM - Outline: - To describe the institutions and structures of Canadian municipal government, with parti - Following every unit, has a unit test. - Third unit test, it will be a review of the book in syllabus ( Ideology in Canadian m...

Lecture 1 Tuesday, January 14, 2025 4:51 PM - Outline: - To describe the institutions and structures of Canadian municipal government, with parti - Following every unit, has a unit test. - Third unit test, it will be a review of the book in syllabus ( Ideology in Canadian municipal Third unit test will be two hours instead of one. - Unit tests are 30 questions - Final Exam: Unit 4 test plus a synthetic essay, 30 MC questions on unit 4. 15% is the unit 4 agenda, imagine if appointed"… - Some questions on the unit test will be on the readings ( make sure to engage and under - Pink/red top Q for reflection and review: if you can work through them and understand t - Focus is on outside of Calgary, city and politics within Canada ( comparison internationall - Assignment - Going out, collecting data, pre hypothesis. Causally identified. This is for the assignment, y - Find two identical issues in your community, randomly chose two issues and report it to 3 - What's a City? Latent Variables In Political Science - Not directly observable, such as democracy, candidate quality, citizen efficacy - How do we measure if a city is democratic, efficacy--> how much a citizen can affect polic - The solution: Latent Variable approaches, infer the presence or absence of the construct directly, but there are collective indicators such as turn out rate, competition, indicators w observable measures = Latent. - Example: soccer player quality ( unobservable) indicated by (a) number of goals, (b) num - Candidate quality --> knowledge of policy issues, level of education, policy issue alignmen Measurement Model: picking things that we think are latent variables ( adding the indicators Quality I = speed (I) + accuracy (I)+ goals (I) + tackles (I) i= soccer player Additive model More sophisticated, has beta, all players can run fast so you weight certain characteristics les  icular focus on electoral institutions, voting behaviour, and political representation l politics by: Jack Lucas) parts you found persuasive, built on, however, will be a review on the book. 4 test, and 10 % synthesize information on the course. Q's will be given close to date. "design research rstand themes and concepts" them then you will do well. ly as well) you will pre register hypothesis, literature review then data. 311, then go back and check if either or both issues have been addressed, then add it to assignment. cy's, proceedings etc.. Things we care about through indicators ( we care about measuring if a city is democratic, however we cannot measure it we can combine into a generable measure we care about which is democracy. Using measurable mber of assists, © number of blocks, (d) passes = Latent nt etc.. = Latent s together) ss or more weighted Measurement Model: picking things that we think are latent variables ( adding the indicators Quality I = speed (I) + accuracy (I)+ goals (I) + tackles (I) i= soccer player Additive model More sophisticated, has beta, all players can run fast so you weight certain characteristics les If we want to know if a place is a city, we have to collect indicators as to what makes cities, citie Discrimination Parameter --> Closer to 1 is more useful and indicative - Measuring the citiness of municipalities - Geographic shape, scale matters. - When measuring at same population sizes ( ADA), the measure is a lot better, size and sca - Municipalities in Canada are very different in size. - The indicators for out latent variables are as important Working Model of "City" Government Size: cities have lots of people Density: Cities tend to pack people into relatively small areas Diversity: Cities are characterized by diverse groups participating in diverse economic and socia Working criteria conditions of urbanity What about metropolitan areas? The GTA is urban and meets criteria, however, the GTA has no government vs. governance Government A system of institutions with the powers to make binding decisions in a particular territory Thy combined legislative, executive, and judicial institutions in a country Local Government rather than Local Governance ( The municipal, provincial and federal gover Education curriculum for example you contact provincial, healthcare as well, thus they also go Can commit Federal crimes ( prosecution by federal government) in Calgary for instance. We are governed by all these levels simultaneously We also have international law that can directly govern us. Governance ( governance of housing, climate etc..) how different actors of different governme s together) ss or more weighted es are latent variables ale matters when measuring al activities o rnment GOVERN Calgary overn the city of Calgary ent levels act simultaneously to task certain spaces.  We are governed by all these levels simultaneously We also have international law that can directly govern us. Governance ( governance of housing, climate etc..) how different actors of different governme Multi Level Governance Definition (Horak) -- "a mode of policy making that involves complex interactions among multiple Multi level Governance involves interactions among multiple levels of "government" to produce governance Horizontal governance ( working or confliction or toward something, such as Okotoks Airdrie Cal Vertical: Local provincial and federal Last Slide #1: Government ( local elections in each city) #2: Governance ( vertical) #3 Governance #4 Government ( still focused on internal workings of governments) not about how 3 levels collectively see elections, its about how they vote in municipal provincial and federal Within institutional boundaries, or meaningful way happening across those boundaries ent levels act simultaneously to task certain spaces. e levels of government and social forces". policy outputs. The different governments ( municipal, provincial, federal) all play in the larger multilev lgary etc..) vel