Lecture 1: What is Cognitive Neuroscience? PDF

Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience – Professor Tim Andrews Lecture 1 What is Cognitive Neuroscience? What is cognitive neuroscience?  Outline The origins of neuroscience Information processing in the b...

Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience – Professor Tim Andrews Lecture 1 What is Cognitive Neuroscience? What is cognitive neuroscience?  Outline The origins of neuroscience Information processing in the brain – Ions – Resting membrane potential – Action potential – Synapse The emergence of cognitive neuroscience – Single neuron recording – EEG/MEG – fMRI/PET – Lesions/TMS Q  The relationship between mind and brain in ancient Greece And of course, the Our pleasure, joy.. brain is not laughter.. sorrow, responsible for any pain, grief and of the sensations at tears arise from the all. The correct view brain, and the brain is the seat and alone. With it we source of sensation think and is the region of the understand, see heart.. The motions and hear, Descartes and Dualism (1596 – 1650) I must first separately describe for you the body (which includes the brain) then also separately, the mind; and finally I must show you how these two natures would have to be joined and united to constitute people – Rene Descartes  Brain lesions reveal distinct behavioural deficits (1800 – 1900) – The equilibrium between his intellectual faculties – Nous parlons avec and animal propensities seems to have been l’hemisphere gauche destroyed (about Paul Broca Phineas Gage) Golgi, Cajal, Brodmann and the neuron doctrine (1870-1910)  Outline The origins of neuroscience Information processing in the brain – Ions – Resting membrane potential – Action potential – Synapse The emergence of cognitive neuroscience – Single neuron recording – EEG/MEG – fMRI/PET – Lesions/TMS Neurons Ion channels and pumps Forces that control the movement of ions? K+ Cl- Animation: Resting membrane poten Sodium-potassium pump Animation: Sodium Potassium Pum Threshold Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels The action potential Animation: Action Potentia The action potential is propogated along the axon Synapse Neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic cell  Removal of neurotransmitter A Animation: Synaptic Transmissio Threshold and the summation of postsynaptic potentials Animation: Summation of postsynaptic potent  Outline The origins of neuroscience Information processing in the brain – Ions – Resting membrane potential – Action potential – Synapse The emergence of cognitive neuroscience – Single neuron recording – EEG/MEG – fMRI/PET – Lesions/TMS Looking inside the black box Face recognition  Single neuron recordings (Hubel and Weisel, 1968) (Quiroga et al., 2005)  Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography (Berger, 1924; Adrian and Matthews, 1934) Neuronal energy consumption  Functional Neuroimaging: fMRI, PET Kanwisher et al (1997)  brain activity   blood flow   fMRI/PET signal Transcranial magnetic stimulation – TMS Spatial and temporal resolution of techniques in cognitive neuroscience