Computer Fundamentals for Professionals - Lecture Slides PDF

Computer Computer Applications for Professionals Fundamenta ls Presented By Mahbuba Yesmin Turaba Senior Lecturer Department of CSE Stamford University Bangladesh 1  What is Computer ◈ The word computer comes from the word “compute” which m...

Computer Computer Applications for Professionals Fundamenta ls Presented By Mahbuba Yesmin Turaba Senior Lecturer Department of CSE Stamford University Bangladesh 1  What is Computer ◈ The word computer comes from the word “compute” which means, “to calculate” ◈ Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can ◈ perform arithmetic operations at high speed ◈ A computer is also called a data processor because it can ◈ store, process, and retrieve data whenever desired 2 What is Characteristics of Computer 1) Automatic: Given a job, computer can work on it automatically without human interventions 2) Speed: Computer can perform data processing jobs very fast, usually measured in microseconds (10-6), nanoseconds (10-9), and picoseconds (10-12) 3) Accuracy: Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of its accuracy depends upon its design. Computer errors caused due to incorrect input data or unreliable programs are often referred to as GarbageIn-Garbage-Out (GIGO ) 3  What is Characteristics of Computer 4) Diligence: Computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration. It can continuously work for hours without creating any error and without grumbling 5) Versatility: Computer is capable of performing almost any task, if the task can be reduced to a finite series of logical steps 6) Power of Remembering: Computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its secondary storage capability. It forgets or looses certain information only when it is asked to do so 4 Basic Organization of a Computer System 5  Input Unit An input unit of a computer system performs the following functions: 1. It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside world 2. It converts these instructions and data in computer acceptable form 3. It supplies the converted instructions and data to the computer system for further processing 6  Output Unit An output unit of a computer system performs the following functions: 1. It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in coded form and hence, cannot be easily understood by us 2. It converts these coded results to human acceptable (readable) form 3. It supplies the converted results to outside world 7  Storage Unit The storage unit of a computer system holds (or stores) the following : 1. Data and instructions required for processing (received from input devices) 2. Intermediate results of processing 3. Final results of processing, before they are released to an output device 8  Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit used to perform arithmetic and logic operations. It represents the fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. Modern CPUs contain very powerful and complex ALUs. In addition to ALUs, modern CPUs contain a control unit (CU). Most of the operations of a CPU are performed by one or more ALUs, which load data from input registers. A register is a small amount of storage available as part of a CPU. The control unit tells the ALU what operation to perform on that data, and the ALU stores the result in an output register. The control unit moves the data between these registers, the ALU, and memory. 9  Control Unit ◈ Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates the operations of all other components of the computer system , It performs activities, including fetching, decoding, handling execution, and storing results 10  Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features − CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program). It controls the operation of all parts of the computer CPU itself has following three components. Memory or Storage Unit 11 Control Unit  Book 1. Sinha, Pradeep K. Computer fundamentals: concepts, systems & applications. BPB publications, 2003. 2. Balagurusamy E. programming in ANSI C. Tata McGraw-Hill Education; 2012. 12 Thank You 13