Statistics (Level 2) 2024-2025 Lecture Notes PDF

Statistics (Level 2) 2024 - 2025 Dr.Heba Elsegai Lecturer of Mathematics and Applied Statistics and Insurance Faculty of Commerce – Mansoura University Copyright © 2015 T...

Statistics (Level 2) 2024 - 2025 Dr.Heba Elsegai Lecturer of Mathematics and Applied Statistics and Insurance Faculty of Commerce – Mansoura University Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.  CHAPTER TWO Frequency Distributions and Graphs Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2  Frequency Distributions CHAPTER and Graphs 2 Outline 2-1 Organizing Data 2-2 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives 2-3 Other Types of Graphs Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2-1 Organizing Data Data collected in original form is called raw data. A frequency distribution is the organization of raw data in table form, using classes and frequencies. Nominal- or ordinal-level data that can be placed in categories is organized in categorical frequency distributions. Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Bluman Chapter 2 4 Categorical Frequency Distribution Twenty-five army inductees were given a blood test to determine their blood type. Raw Data: A,B,B,AB,O O,O,B,AB,B B,B,O,A,O A,O,O,O,AB AB,A,O,B,A Construct a frequency distribution for the data. Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Bluman Chapter 2 5 Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 6 Bluman, Chapter 2 Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 7 Bluman, Chapter 2 Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 8 Bluman, Chapter 2 Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 9 Bluman, Chapter 2 Categorical Frequency Distribution Twenty-five army inductees were given a blood test to determine their blood type. Raw Data: A,B,B,AB,O O,O,B,AB,B B,B,O,A,O A,O,O,O,AB AB,A,O,B,A Class Tally Frequency Percent A IIII 5 20 B IIII II 7 28 O IIII IIII 9 36 AB IIII 4 16 Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Bluman Chapter 2 10 Grouped Frequency Distribution Grouped frequency distributions are used when the range of the data is large. The smallest and largest possible data values in a class are the lower and upper class limits. Class boundaries separate the classes. To find a class boundary, average the upper class limit of one class and the lower class limit of the next class. Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Bluman Chapter 2 11 Grouped Frequency Distribution The class width can be calculated by subtracting  successive lower class limits (or boundaries)  successive upper class limits (or boundaries)  upper and lower class boundaries The class midpoint Xm can be calculated by averaging  upper and lower class limits (or boundaries) Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Bluman Chapter 2 12  See You Next Time! Copyright © 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.