Safety and Injury Prevention Lecture (PATH-216)

PATH-216 Safety and Injury Prevention  Learning objectives Safety and Injury Prevention :By the end of this session the learner will be able to 1. Define an injury 2. Define an accident 3. K...

PATH-216 Safety and Injury Prevention  Learning objectives Safety and Injury Prevention :By the end of this session the learner will be able to 1. Define an injury 2. Define an accident 3. Know the differences between accident and injury 4. Identify the levels of prevention 5. Identify the principles of road traffic accident prevention 6. Minimize workplace injuries 2  Definition of Injury Safety and Injury Prevention An injury is defined as physical or psychological harm or damage to the body,.typically caused by an external force or event It refers to any condition in which the normal structure or function of a body.part or organ is disrupted or impaired Injuries can range from minor, such as cuts, bruises, or sprains, to severe,.including fractures, burns, or traumatic brain injuries 3  Injuries can occur in various settings, such as accidents, sports activities, workplace incidents, or acts of violence. The severity and consequences of an injury can vary widely depending on factors such as the type, location, and extent of the damage, as well as the individual's overall health and access to medical care.  Definition of accident An accident is an unexpected or unintentional event that results in harm, Safety and Injury Prevention.damage, injury, or loss It refers to an incident that occurs without deliberate intent or premeditation. :Accidents can take many forms such as 1. Traffic accidents. 2. Slip and fall accidents. 3. Occupational accidents. 4. Home accidents. 5. Sports and recreational accidents. 6. Medical accidents. 5 7. Natural disasters.  Preventing accidents is an important goal in various fields, including safety engineering, public health, and workplace safety.  Differences between injuries and accidents Domains Injuries Accidents Safety and Injury Prevention Definition An injury refers to harm or damage An accident refers to an unexpected or caused to a person's body, mind, or unintentional event that causes harm, emotions. It can be the result of damage, injury, or loss. It can involve a various causes, including accidents. wide range of incidents, such as car crashes, falls, or workplace mishaps. Nature An injury focuses on the actual harm An accident emphasizes the event or or damage suffered by a person. It can incident that leads to the injury. It is the be a physical injury, such as a broken occurrence or happening that results in bone or a cut, or it can be a non- harm or damage. physical injury, such as emotional trauma or psychological distress. 7 Domains Injuries Accidents Scope The term "injury" is broader and The term "accident" specifically refers to encompasses various types of harm events or incidents that result in physical or damage, regardless of the cause. It harm or damage. It typically implies that can include injuries caused by the harm was unintentional or accidents, but it also covers injuries unexpected. resulting from intentional acts, medical conditions, or other factors.. Cause Injuries can result from accidents, but Accidents are generally associated with and they can also arise from other causes. unintended or unplanned events. They intention For example, a person can sustain an often occur due to factors like injury through deliberate actions, negligence, human error, mechanical such as physical assault, self-harm, or failures, or environmental conditions. medical procedures. Domains Injuries Accidents Legal and Injuries are commonly assessed for Accident: In legal and insurance Insurance liability and compensation purposes. contexts, accidents may be investigated The focus is on determining the to establish liability and assess fault. The extent of harm suffered and the emphasis is on understanding the responsible party, irrespective of circumstances surrounding the event and whether it resulted from an accident determining responsibility for the or other causes. resulting injury or damage. Principles of road traffic safety Safety and Injury Prevention Educati Enforcem on and ent of awaren traffic ess laws Vehicl Infrastru Time e Speed constra cture and safet management engineeri ins ng y Vulnera Collaborat ble ion and road Partnerships are needed because partnersh ips users road traffic incidents (RTIs) do not have a single cause and no organization or sector can solve the global road safety challenge. 10  Factors that influence traffic accidents TIMING HUMAN VEHICLE ENVIRONMENT Safety and Injury Prevention Pre- Age Defects Visibility Event Experience Breaks Pavement Alcohol Tires Signals Drugs Avoidance Systems Construction Speed Event Belt Use Air Bags Guard Rails Helmet Use Automatic Seat Belts Medians Tolerance Crashworthiness Breakaway Posts Post- Age Post-crash EMS System Event Physical Condition Fuel Leaks First Responder Fire Bystander Care 11 Automatic seat belt Medians Breakaway Post Guard Rails  Steps to minimize workplace injuries Safety and Injury Prevention.Develop and enforce safety policies.1.Conduct regular safety training.2.Identify and control hazards.3.Encourage reporting and investigation of incidents.4.Promote ergonomic practices.5.Maintain equipment and machinery.6.Encourage a culture of safety.7.Provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).8.Monitor and address workplace stress.9.Regularly review and improve safety measures.10 13  Creating a safe work environment is a shared responsibility that requires commitment and involvement from both employers and employees. By implementing these strategies and fostering a culture of safety, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of workplace injuries and promote the well-being of their workforce.  What are the levels of prevention :In the field of public health, there are three levels of prevention Safety and Injury Prevention :Primary Prevention Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or health condition before it ever.occurs The focus is on preventing the initial development of the condition and reducing risk factors,.such as health education and promotion, Immunizations, and Legislation and policies :Secondary Prevention Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a.disease or health condition in individuals who already have it but may not yet show symptoms The aim is to identify the condition as early as possible to provide timely treatment and prevent further complications. such as Regular screenings and diagnostic tests, Early intervention programs, 15.and Follow-up care Tertiary Prevention: Tertiary prevention aims to minimize the impact of an existing disease or condition and prevent further deterioration, disability, or complications. It focuses on managing and rehabilitating individuals who already have a diagnosed condition, such as rehabilitation programs, support groups and self-management programs, and Disease management and surveillance.