Renewable Energy Sources PDF

MENOUFIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPT. OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING 1 Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 2 Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally...

MENOUFIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPT. OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING 1 Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 2 Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Non-Renewable energy (finite resources) comes from sources that can't be replenished in a short period of time. We get most of our energy from nonrenewable energy sources, which include fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, coal and from nuclear energy Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 3 Need of Renewable Sector Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 4 Renewable energy sources are the most promising future energy sources to take over fossil fuel dominance. There are a variety of types that can generate different forms of energy which can be used in processes for useful outputs Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 5 Renewable Energy Sources:  Solar energy.  Wind energy.  Hydro energy.  Tidal energy.  Geothermal energy.  Biomass energy. Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 6 The infinite energy that is delivered to us from the ultimate source of energy called Sun.  Solar energy is power from the Sun’s radiation. It is used to create heat, cause chemical reactions, and generate electricity.  Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available.  Solar technologies can harness this energy for a variety of uses, including generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable interior environment, and heating water for domestic, commercial, or industrial use.  It can be used in many ways to generate electricity using photovoltaic cells, generation of electricity using flat plate and concentrating solar power. Electricity generated from photovoltaic cells has a low efficiency factor. Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 7 Types of Solar Energy Solar energy comes in two main types: thermal energy and electricity generation. Thermal energy deals with the heat from the Sun. Producing electricity mainly uses photovoltaic cells and concentrating solar power systems. Active Solar Energy: This type needs mechanical devices, like solar panels and pumps. It’s used in homes and businesses for generating electricity and heating. Sometimes, it even provides cooling. Passive Solar Energy: This doesn’t rely on mechanical devices. It uses the design of buildings to naturally gather and store heat. Features like big windows and thermal mass materials improve sunlight efficiency. Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 8  Feature Active Solar Energy Passive Solar Energy Mechanical devices Architectural design and Energy Source (solar panels, pumps) materials Electricity generation, Application Indoor heating, lighting heating Initial Cost Higher Relatively lower Regular maintenance Maintenance Minimal maintenance required Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 9 Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 10  Wind Energy: energy produced from the wind which is either the absorption of solar energy on the earth’s surface and in the atmosphere or due to the rotation of the earth about its axis. The wind mill converts the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical energy that can be either used directly to run the machine or to run the generator to produce electricity. Types of Wind Turbines  Horizontal axis wind turbines  Vertical axis wind turbines Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 11 Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 12  Advantages of Wind Energy Disadvantages of Wind Energy High net energy yield  Renewable and free  The Wind Fluctuates  Very clean source of energy  Wind Turbines Are Expensive  No pollution (air or water) during Wind Turbines Pose a Threat to operation  Long operating life Wildlife  Low operating/maintenance costs Wind Turbines Are Noisy  Can be quickly built  Remoteness of location Now almost competitive with hydro and fossil fuels Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 13 Hydroelectric energy, also called hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity, is a form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion—such as water flowing over a waterfall—to generate electricity Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 14  Advantages of Hydro Energy Disadvantages of Hydro Energy  Reduces availability of water  Cheap to operate downstream  Long life and lower operating costs  Water pollution problems than all other power plants  Decommissioning is a big  Renewable problem  High yield  The Size Issue  Pretty plentiful  most of the above problems are  Some countries depend almost significantly worse for larger dams entirely on it  However, small dams have  Less air pollution than fossil fuel shorter lifetimes, less capacity, and combustion are more intermittent Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 15 Tides are generated primarily by the gravitational attraction between the earth and moon. They arise twice a day and the range is only meter. Tidal power or Tidal energy converts energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity. Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 16  Advantages of Tidal Energy Disadvantages of Tidal Energy  High tidal power plant Environment-friendly construction costs A highly predictable energy source Negative influence on marine High energy density life forms Operational and maintenance costs Location limits are low The variable intensity of sea An inexhaustible source of energy waves Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 17 The tapping of heat from the under surface of the earth is known as Geothermal energy. Hot underground water or steam is used to produce electricity.  Depending on its characteristics, geothermal energy can be used for heating and cooling purposes or be harnessed to generate clean electricity. Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 18  Advantages of Geothermal Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy Energy Geothermal energy is a renewable High upfront costs with resource as long as the Earth exists implementing geothermal energy Not weather dependent like solar Large scale geothermal power or wind power; geothermal heat plants are dangerous to the pumps work year-round. Earth’s surface and location- Suitable for the smallest of centric houses to the largest commercial Electricity is still needed to spaces. operate heat pumps. Long lifespan Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 19  Biomass energy: Energy from burning organic or living matter. Another important renewable energy source that covers a wide spectrum of energy activities from direct production heat through combustion of fuel and other biomass residues to generate electricity and the production of gases , liquid fuel and chemicals. There are various sources of biomass energy such as biogas, biofuel and solid biomass. Dr. Eng. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 20  Importance of Renewable energy sources  Non- conventional sources are available in the nature free of cost.  They produce no or little pollution. Thus , by and large , they are environment friendly  Renewable energy sources have simple plant design and hence easy to operate and no specialized workforce is required.  Maintenance cost of these plants is very much less  They are inexhaustible  They have a low gestation period  They do not deplete natural resources  They can sustain energy supply for many generations  These plants can be installed remotely and at locations completely off grid. Dr. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 21  Limitations of Renewable energy sources  The energy available from the these resources are in dilute form  Cost of harnessing energy from a non- conventional source is generally high  Availability is uncertain  Difficulty in the transportation  Low energy density, Energy per unit area is small, which makes them big in size. Dr. Omar Shaheen Renewable Energy Sources 22