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LECTURE (1) OMDURMAN ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Artificial Intelligence Instructor: Wail Motwakil Idrees [email protected] 1 LECTURE CONTENTS Wha...

LECTURE (1) OMDURMAN ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Artificial Intelligence Instructor: Wail Motwakil Idrees [email protected] 1 LECTURE CONTENTS What is the AI ? Foundations of AI The history of AI State of the Art 2 3 4 5 6 INTELLIGENT MACHINES, OR WHAT MACHINES CAN DO Philosophers have been trying for over 2000 years to understand and resolve two Big Questions of the Universe: How does a human mind work, and Can non-humans have minds? These questions are still unanswered Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man-made thinking power." 7 8 TURING TEST 9  Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as learning, reasoning, and solving problems So, we can define AI as: "It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions." 10 GOALS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Following are the main goals of Artificial Intelligence: 1. Replicate human intelligence 2. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks 3. An intelligent connection of perception and action 4. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence such as: Proving a theorem Playing chess Plan some surgical operation Driving a car in traffic 5. Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself, demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user. 11 ADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence: High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre- experience or information. High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game. High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action multiple times with high accuracy. Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky. Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such as AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products as per customer requirement. Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in human-language, etc. 12 DISADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Every technology has some disadvantages, and the same goes for Artificial intelligence. Being so advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages which we need to keep in our mind while creating an AI system. Following are the disadvantages of AI: High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements. Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are trained, or programmed. No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken. Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people are getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities. No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and imaginative 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 APPLICATION OF AI 21 22 23 TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE There are three types of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) 24 25 WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL NARROW INTELLIGENCE (ANI)? This is the most common form of AI that you’d find in the market now. These Artificial Intelligence systems are designed to solve one single problem and would be able to execute a single task really well. By definition, they have narrow capabilities, like recommending a product for an e-commerce user or predicting the weather. This is the only kind of Artificial Intelligence that exists today. They’re able to come close to human functioning in very specific contexts, and even surpass them in many instances, but only excelling in very controlled environments with a limited set of parameters. 26 WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE (AGI)? AGI is still a theoretical concept. It’s defined as AI which has a human-level of cognitive function, across a wide variety of domains such as language processing, image processing, computational functioning and reasoning and so on. We’re still a long way away from building an AGI system. An AGI system would need to comprise of thousands of Artificial Narrow Intelligence systems working in tandem, communicating with each other to mimic human reasoning. Even with the most advanced computing systems and infrastructures, such as Fujitsu’s K or IBM’s Watson, it has taken them 40 minutes to simulate a single second of neuronal activity. This speaks to both the immense complexity and interconnectedness of the human brain, and to the magnitude of the challenge of building an AGI with our current resources. 27 WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL SUPER INTELLIGENCE (ASI)? We’re almost entering into science-fiction territory here, but ASI is seen as the logical progression from AGI. An Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) system would be able to surpass all human capabilities. This would include decision making, taking rational decisions, and even includes things like making better art and building emotional relationships. Once we achieve Artificial General Intelligence, AI systems would rapidly be able to improve their capabilities and advance into realms that we might not even have dreamed of. While the gap between AGI and ASI would be relatively narrow (some say as little as a nanosecond, because that’s how fast Artificial Intelligence would learn) the long journey ahead of us towards AGI itself makes this seem like a concept that lays far into the future. 28 HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 29 THE STATE OF THE ART OF AI 2019-2022 Are Your Students Bored? This AI Could Tell You 30 31 32 33 Google Assistant 34 35 MOBILE APPS THAT USE AI Wysa With Wysa, you can easily start a conversation with strangers. It is an AI-driven happiness chatbot, and very much helpful when you are alone. This app assists you to start a conversation with confidence with unknown people. FaceApp FaceApp is a very famous AI-driven app among Android and iOS platforms. It is developed by Facebook. It helps to change the existing photos into an impressive photograph. You can change complete looks like smile, hairstyle, and give a purely different look through this intelligent app. 36 37 SOME AI VIDEOS [youtube=https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=NJarxpYyoFI;w=529&h=472] https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=W0_DPi0PmF0 A conversation with Sofia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyji3H- LuHU http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=1JJsBFiXGl0&feature=related https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=y3RIHnK0_NE 38