Cardiac Glycosides Lecture Notes PDF
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The British University in Egypt
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Summary
These lecture notes cover cardiac glycosides, including their origins, families, and uses. The notes detail substances like Digitalis Leaf, Bufadienolides, and Scillaren A/B, along with their chemical structures and tests. The content also delves into the pharmacological uses of the compounds.
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# Cardiac Glycosides ## Bufadienolides - **Origin:** Dried Leaf of Digitalis purpurea & Digitalis Lanata - **Fam:** Scrophulariaceae ### Digitalis Leaf **Lacton Ring** **Uses**: White Squill & Red Squill - **Origin:** Squill is the sliced and dried scale leaves of Urginea maritima - **Fam...
# Cardiac Glycosides ## Bufadienolides - **Origin:** Dried Leaf of Digitalis purpurea & Digitalis Lanata - **Fam:** Scrophulariaceae ### Digitalis Leaf **Lacton Ring** **Uses**: White Squill & Red Squill - **Origin:** Squill is the sliced and dried scale leaves of Urginea maritima - **Fam:** Liliaceae **Cardiac Glycoside:** - Scillaren A - Scillaren B | **Glandular Hair** | **Epidermal** | | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Bi-Cellular Head uni-Cellural Stalk. | uni-Cellular Haad multi Cellural Stalk | | **Upper** slightly thicker wall Nostomata. | **Lower** Wavy walls shows an omocytic stomata! | | **Primary** originally present. **Secondary** removal one in the plant. | **Purpurea** Enzymatic glucoside hydroless | | **Steroid acid** | **Suger** From primary. | | | Lanatosids A6B are acytylated derivatives of purpura AGE | | | Lanatosid ArB deacetylation | | | Suger From primary. | | | **Hydrolos Digitaxigenin** | | | **Digi toxin** 3Digitoxose (suger) Aglyane | | | **Juffix** | **Uses**: - Cardiotonic- digitalis - In Small Dose: Expectorant - In Large dose: emetic - Poison for rats **4-11% Mucilage** **Japonin** **Toxic Glycoside**: Scillirosoids ### Digitoxin - **Purpurea** Enzymatic glucoside hydroless - **Steroid acid** **Digitoxigenin** **(A glucone)** **Uses** - **Diuretic** - **Treatment** congestive heart failure - **↑ contractility of** cardiac muscles - **Leading lower** stronger heart beat _Chemical Test_ - **BalJet's** Keddos Lactonning - **Liberman's** Steroida - **Burchardtest** Deoxy Juger - **Kellerr Killiani** test # Phenolic glycosides (arbutin - Mythy Larbutine) **Origin:** Dried Leaves of Arctostaphylos **Fam:** Ericaceae ## Arbutin hydroless (hydroquinone) **Active Constitunt** - **Tannis:** Gallitannins ⇒ Hydroly zable - **Ellagitannin** _Test Ferric Chloride_ **Blue Color** **Uses** - **Antiseptic** activity on urinary tract - **Cho Lagogue** (choleretic) - **Astringent** - **Heamostatic** - **Diaphoretic** - **Enhance** digestion fats **Should have Alkaline PH** **Uses** - **Diuretic** - **Treatment:** 1. Hyper pigmentation 2. Teeth preparation ## Flavonoids - **Triterpenoids** - **Tannins** ### Hydroquinone - **Bucho** - **Arbutin** and **Hydroqunion** effective in (topical) ## Hamamelis Leaves (Witch Hazel) - **Origin:** Dried Leaves of Hamamelis virginia - **Fam:** Hamamelidaceae **Active Constitunt** - **Tannis** **Uses** - **Astringent** - **Heamostatic** - **Sousedin** (for wounds, burns & hemorrhoids) ## Boldo Leaves - **Origin:** Dried Leaves of Denmus boldo - **Fam:** Monimiaceae **Active Constitunt:** - **Alkaloid aporphine ** - **Called boldine** **Uses:** - **Cho Lagogue (choleretic)** **Fermentation (1):** | | | | | | | | :---------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------- | :-------- | :-------- | :-------- | | **(Black)** | **(Catical oxidation)** X | **(Green)** | **Active** | **Active** | **Active** | | **Mayer's Negative** | **Murexide test** | **Purine Alkaloids** | **Constitut** | **Constitut** | **Constitut** | | | | **Tannins** | | | | | | | **Caffeine** | **CNS** | | | | | | **Theobromine** | **Diaritic** | | | | | | **Theo Phylline** | **Smooth** | | | | | | **Muscle relaxtion** | | | | **Uses** - **CNS Stimulant** and treat headache - **Diaritic** - **Smooth muscle relaxtion** ## Tropane Alkaloid: ### Nota: - Arbutin “less effective” than hydroquinon “but” More Safe - Greentea Fat Burning activity # Coca Leaf - **Origin:** Dried Leavs of Erythroxylum coca - **Fam:** Erythroxy Laceae. **Active Conistitunt** - **Tropane Alkaloids** - (Ecgonine-hygrine-tropine) - **Datura** **Uses** - **Local anesthetics** - **Stop transmission of signals** in nerve. - **Forbidden** addective Propartis) # Henna Leaves - **Origin:** Dried Leaf of Lawsonia in ermis - **Fam:** Lythraceae. **Active Conistitunt** - **naphthoquionon ⇒ Lawsone** **Uses** - **Fungicides** - **Teanicides** - **treatment skin Burns** - **Wound Healing** - **cosmetic and decoration** **Lawson** tamine or sulpher (Cin Keratine) (protine innailsanthair)
