Fracture Introduction PDF

Introduction Fractur Fractures are discontinuity in bone cortex. ypes of bones racture classications auses agnosis one healing reatment options omplications  Bone Types Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones the bones fo...

Introduction Fractur Fractures are discontinuity in bone cortex. ypes of bones racture classications auses agnosis one healing reatment options omplications  Bone Types Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones the bones found in the arms Bones in the hands and feet, such as The bones that protect vi ke the femur and tibia. They the carpals and tarsals, are considered like the ribs and skull, are c one to fractures due to their short bones. They are less likely to flat bones. Fractures in t and exposure to high-impact fracture but can still be affected by can be more serious a forces. trauma. specialized  Classifications of Fractures / open Antomical Fracture pattern Fract he skin Metaphyseal Transverse Stab Diaphyseal Oblique Articular Spiral Segmental Green stick. Causes of Fractures Trauma Pathologica High-enery; RTA & gun Tumors shot. Metabolic disorders Low energy; direct fall. osteoporosis. Overuse/ Stress fr. Repetitive minor stress on a bone can cause a stress fracture eg. Marche fr. mptoms of Fractures Swelling Limited ROM alized pain at the Surrounding area may become e is a common swollen and inflamed due to the injury. mity Bruising Unable to Wt bear ed limb may appear bent Discoloration and bruising around ignment. the fracture site is common. gnosis of Fractures y Physical Exam Imaging Tests X-rays, Tenderness CT scans, Assess neurovascular condition MRI. Treatment Option Fract 1st aid Open; irrigation & start a Reduction & immo Medication Pain relievers anti-edematous drugs antibiotics anticoagulants Definitive ttt Conservative; cast, slab, sling. Operative; internal Vs ext fixation es of Reduction & Fixation d Reduction Open Reduction Internal Fixation y manipulates the bone ends Surgical procedure where the bone Surgical placement of plat ign them without making an fragments are exposed and realigned, rods, or other devices to st incision. often with the use of internal fixation hold the bone fragmen devices. mplications of Fracture Healing Delayed Union 2 Nonunion 3 Malun Slower than normal fracture Failure of the fracture to heal, Improper alignm ealing, often due to poor blood requiring additional intervention fractured bone, supply or underlying health to stimulate bone repair. deformity and conditions. im Fracture Healing Inflammatory Phase The initial response to the injury, characterized by swelling, pain, and the body's natural healing process. Reparative Phase New bone cells and cartilage start to form, bridging the gap between the broken bone ends. Remodeling Phase The bone continues to heal and remodel, restoring its original strength and shape.  Rehabilitation Recov Physical Therapy Occupational Th Exercises and stretches to regain Specialized activitie strength, flexibility, and range of individuals relearn d motion in the affected area. and work-rela Gradual Return to Monitoring Prog Activity Regular check-ups and A carefully planned and tests to ensure prope supervised return to normal and identify any comp activities, sports, and exercises to prevent re-injury. Introduction to Bone Fracture Fixation Bone fracture fixation is a critical aspect of orthopedic care, where healthca professionals use specialized techniques and devices to stabilize and align b bones, promoting proper healing and restoring function. This presentation the various methods of fixation, the principles of stable fixation, the mecha action, and the factors that affect fracture stability and bone healing. By un these concepts, healthcare providers can make informed decisions to optim recovery and outcomes. by mohamed nabil hods for fracture reduction eduction Open reduction pulation ; traction, angulation, rotation to acheive Surgical intervention for direct visualization & reduction of nment bone Indication; e fr. with accepted reduction. Unstable fracture ents unfit for surgeries Unaccepted or failed closed reduction Open fracture s of Fixation Methods tive (conservative) Internal Fixation External Fixation ization; provide external Plates & screws, intramedullary nails; Monolateral or circular mit movement. Temporary / definitive fi Directly stabilize the fracture. table fracture Complex or open fractur Provide rigid fixation for unstable fractures. associated soft tissue or rary support & adjustable. injury Allow for early mobilization of the affected Easy access to the injury cute injuries, edema, associated limb. accommodate swelling o damage. iples of Stable Fixation atomic Reduction 2 Rigid Fixation Crucial for stable fixation and optimal healing. Provide sufficient mechanical stability to resist the fo on the fracture site, such as weight-bearing, muscle c and joint movement. Rigid fixation helps prevent disp Restore the natural anatomy and biomechanics of the and allows for early mobilization. affected limb. ogical Fixation 4 Rotational Stability erving the natural blood supply and minimizing soft tissue In addition to maintaining the proper alignment of th age are essential for promoting bone healing. Biological fragments, the fixation method should also provide r on techniques aim to maintain the integrity of the stability to prevent twisting or rotation of the fractur ounding tissues and promote the body's natural healing can impede healing. esses. nism of Action for Fixation ques Load Sharing Fixation devices, such as plates and intramedullary nails, are designed to share the load with the fractured bone, reducing the stress on the bone and allowing for controlled, gradual healing. Load Bearing In some cases, the fixation device may be designed to bear the majority of the load, allowing the bone to heal without being subjected to excessive stress. This is commonly seen in external fixation systems. Interfragmentary Compression Certain fixation techniques, like the use of lag screws, can apply compressive forces across the fracture site, promoting intimate contact between the bone fragments and enhancing the stability of the fixation. s Affecting Fracture Stability ttern Bone Quality everity of the fracture, such as simple, comminuted, or segmental, can The strength and integrity of the bone, which can be influenced by facto pact the stability and complexity of the fixation required. osteoporosis, and underlying medical conditions, can affect the ability t maintain stable fixation. njury Biomechanical Factors surrounding soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments, can The location and direction of the applied forces, as well as the degree o e stability of the fixation and impede the healing process. bearing and joint movement, can influence the stability and loading of t device. t of Fixation Stability on Bone g Stable Fixation Rigid and stable fixation promotes primary bone healing, where the bone fragments unite directly without the formation of a visible callus. This allows for faster and more reliable healing. Relative Stability Relative stability, where some controlled micromotion is allowed at the fracture site, can stimulate the formation of a callus and lead to secondary bone healing. This process is typically slower but can accommodate more complex fracture patterns. Instability Insufficient fixation stability can result in excessive motion at the fracture site, leading to delayed or impaired bone healing, as well as the risk of complications like non-union or malunion. Considerations for Optimal Recovery Rehabilitation Nutrition Comprehensive rehabilitation programs, including Proper nutrition, with adequate int physical therapy and occupational therapy, are vitamins, and minerals, can suppor essential for regaining strength, mobility, and process and promote a successful r function after a bone fracture and fixation procedure. Patient Compliance Ongoing Monitoring Active participation and adherence to the prescribed Regular follow-up appointments an treatment plan, including following instructions for are necessary to assess the progres weight-bearing, activity modifications, and wound and ensure that the fixation remain care, are crucial for achieving the best possible aligned. outcomes. lusion and Key Takeaways bone fracture fixation is a critical component of orthopedic care, aimed he structural integrity and function of broken bones. By understanding the on methods, the principles of stable fixation, the mechanisms of action, rs that affect fracture stability and bone healing, healthcare providers can ed decisions to optimize patient outcomes. Incorporating comprehensive , proper nutrition, patient compliance, and ongoing monitoring are also achieving a successful recovery. By implementing these strategies, patients ctures can regain their mobility, function, and quality of life.