Lec.1 Foot & Anke RP.pptx

Foot & Ankle Radiographical positioning Lec.1 DR. SA RKAWT S. KAKA I KHC MS (ORTHO. & TRAUMA) Positioning terminology Dorsal surface: the superior surface of the foot is known as the dorsal surface and slopes downwards, at a variable angle, from the ankle to the toes and from medial to lateral Plant...

Foot & Ankle Radiographical positioning Lec.1 DR. SA RKAWT S. KAKA I KHC MS (ORTHO. & TRAUMA) Positioning terminology Dorsal surface: the superior surface of the foot is known as the dorsal surface and slopes downwards, at a variable angle, from the ankle to the toes and from medial to lateral Plantar aspect: the inferior surface of the foot is known as the plantar aspect Medial aspect: the surface nearer the midline of the body is the medial aspect Lateral aspect: the surface further from the midline of the body is the lateral aspect Medial rotation: the lower limb is rotated inwards, so that the anterior surface faces medially. This will produce internal rotation of the hip joint Lateral rotation: the lower limb is rotated outwards, so that the anterior surface faces laterally. This will produce external rotation of the hip joint Ankle flexion: (‘dorsiflexion’) of the ankle joint occurs when the dorsal surface of the foot is moved in a superior direction Ankle extension: (‘plantar flexion’) of the ankle joint occurs when the plantar surface of the foot is moved in an inferior direction Inversion: inversion of the foot occurs when the plantar surface of the foot is turned to face medially – with the limb extended Eversion: eversion of the foot occurs when the plantar surface of the foot is turned to face laterally – with the limb extended Radiographical anatomy Radiological considerations There are numerous possible accessory ossicles around the foot and ankle, and these must not be confused with fractures. The base of the 5th metatarsal ossifies from an accessory ossification center, which is orientated parallel to the long axis of the bone. Common Radiographic Views: A. Weight-bearing views: Provide a functional assessment of the foot and ankle and are crucial for detecting weightrelated pathologies such as arthritis or fractures. 1. Anterior-Posterior (AP) weight-bearing view 2. Lateral weight-bearing view B. Non-weight-bearing views: Useful for evaluating bony anatomy and detecting certain conditions without the influence of weight. 1. Anterior-Posterior (AP) non-weight-bearing view 2. Lateral non-weight-bearing view 3. Oblique views for specific anatomical details Special Considerations: A. Pediatric patients: Adjust techniques to account for smaller anatomy and the potential need for additional care to keep young patients still during imaging. B. Trauma cases: Adapting positioning for trauma patients may be necessary to obtain diagnostic images while minimizing patient discomfort. Special Views: Mortise View: Offers a clear assessment of the ankle joint, especially the tibiofibular clear space. The patient's foot is internally rotated 15-20 degrees to visualize the mortise joint space. Oblique View: Useful for visualizing bone relationships and detecting subtle fractures. The foot is angled 45 degrees to capture this view effectively.